بررسی تغییر برخی شاخص‌های رویشی گیاه کلزا در اثر کاربرد خاکی گوگرد و سلنیوم

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 39، شماره 2، خرداد و تیر 1404، صفحه 191-173   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2025.92811.1476

نویسندگان

فریدون نورقلی پور^{* 1}؛ مریم محمدی²؛ حسین میرسید حسینی²؛ رضا سلیمانی³

¹مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

²گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ایلام، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

کلزا دارای بیشترین مساحت کشت از بین گیاهان زراعی دانه روغنی در ایران است. گوگرد چهارمین عنصر ضروری مورد نیاز گیاه کلزا بعد از نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم است. عنصر سلنیوم به‌عنوان عنصر مفید برای گیاهان درنظر گرفته می شود. با توجه به شباهت سلنیوم به گوگرد، مسیرهای متابولیکی گوگرد به اشتراک گذاشته می‌شود، بنابراین انتظار می‌رود اثر سلنیوم بر رشد تا حد زیادی تحت اثر تغذیه با گوگرد قرار گیرد. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تغییرات شاخص­های رشد اندام هوایی و دانه گیاه کلزا رقم دلگان با کاربرد گوگرد و سلنیوم اجرا شد. آزمایش در شرایط گلخانه، به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل کود گوگرد عنصری در دو سطح صفر و 20 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم تلقیح شده با مایه تلقیح تیوباسیلوس، دو منبع کودی سلنیوم (سلنات و سلنیت سدیم) در سه سطح صفر، ۳۰ و 60 میکروگرم سلنیوم بر کیلوگرم به‌صورت خاکی پیش از کشت بود. بر اساس نتایج، کاربرد گوگرد باعث افزایش معنی­دار وزن خشک شاخساره و دانه کلزا نسبت به شرایط عدم کاربرد گوگرد شد (8/48 درصد افزایش در شاخساره و 3/51 درصد افزایش در دانه). میانگین غلظت گوگرد شاخساره بیشتر از غلظت گوگرد دانه بود (728/0 درصد در مقابل 243/0 درصد). کاربرد سلنیوم از منبع سلنات در مقایسه با سلنیت، باعث جذب بیشتر سلنیوم در اندام هوایی (918/2 در مقابل 36/2 میکروگرم در گلدان) و دانه کلزا (86/0 میکروگرم در گلدان در مقابل 8/0 میکرو گرم در گلدان) شد. بیشترین میزان عملکرد دانه کلزا با غلظت 86/19 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم گوگرد و 0267/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم سلنیوم در خاک به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اندام هوایی؛ برهمکنش؛ جذب؛ دانه؛ ریشه؛ غلظت

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