مروری بر ذخایر، زمین‌ شیمی، اکتشاف استخراج، فراوری و کاربرد لیتیوم با نگرشی بر خودروهای برقی

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 30 اردیبهشت 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.2025.1146

نویسندگان

محمدحسن کریم پور^{* 1}؛ بهاره بروزی نیت²

¹استاد، گروه زمین‌شناسی و گروه پژوهشی اکتشاف ذخایر معدنی شرق ایران، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

امروزه تقاضا برای فلزهای حیاتی مانند لیتیوم به طور قابل‌توجهی افزایش‌یافته و به اکتشاف، استخراج و استفاده بیشتر از این فلزها منجر‌شده است. در این بررسی جامع، انواع مختلف منابع لیتیوم، کانی ­ها، اکتشاف، استخراج، فراوری و کاربردهای آن را مورد بحث قرار می‌دهیم. پگماتیت‌ها، ذخایر رسوبی و شورابه ­ها منابع اصلی لیتیوم هستند. یکی از مهم‌ترین کاربردهای لیتیوم در صنعت باتری ­سازی به ویژه در باتری خودروهای الکتریکی است. استفاده از این باتری­ ها روز به روز افزایش یافته؛ لذا اکتشاف هرچه بیشتر ذخایر لیتیومی حائز اهمیت است. بر اساس میزان مصرف و تقاضای جهانی لیتیوم، به‌ کارگیری روش‌های گوناگون اکتشافی از جمله زمین‌شناسی، ژئوفیزیک، کانی‌شناسی، زمین‌شیمیایی و سنجش از دور و پس از آن عملیات حفاری برای یافتن ذخایر جدید لیتیوم ضروری است. پگماتیت‌ها، شورابه‌ها و پلایاهای کشور ایران پتانسیل بالایی برای ذخایر لیتیوم دارند. کشف ذخایر لیتیوم در ایران و توسعه فناوری­ های مناسب، می­ تواند کشور را به یکی از تولیدکنندگان منطقه ­ای این فلز استراتژیک تبدیل‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

لیتیوم؛ ذخایر شورابه‌ای؛ وسایل نقلیه الکتریکی؛ باتری های لیتیومی

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