چشم‌انداز مکانیزاسیون کشت مستقیم بذر برنج: مروری جامع

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 37، مهر 1404، صفحه 419-434   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری انگلیسی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2024.87897.1247

نویسندگان

اس. مانوج کومار¹؛ آر. کارتیکین^{* 2}؛ کا. تیروکوماران¹؛ ای. سنتیل³؛ پی. دهانان‌چژیان⁴

¹دانشکده زراعت، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

²معاونت مدیریت محصولات زراعی، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

³دانشکده فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

⁴دانشکده مهندسی ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی و قدرت، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

چکیده

روش سنتی نشاکاری برنج نیاز به نیروی انسانی زیادی دارد و منجر به تغییر به سمت کاشت مستقیم بذر برنج برای کشت برنج شده است. از جمله مزایای کاشت مستقیم بذر می‌توان به کاهش نیاز به نیروی کار، کاشت به‌موقع و صرفه‌جویی در آب اشاره کرد. نوآوری در ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی کارایی کشت مستقیم بذر برنج را به‌طور قابل‌توجهی بهبود بخشیده است و این پیشرفت تمام مراحل از آماده‌سازی زمین تا برداشت را در برمی‌گیرد. تکنیک‌هایی مانند روش‌های بدون خاک‌ورزی و تسطیح لیزری، استفاده کارآمد از منابع و حفظ منابع آب را تضمین می‌کند و در عین حال اختلالات خاک را به حداقل می‌رساند. امکان قرارگیری دقیق بذر و جوانه‌زنی یکنواخت با استفاده از بذرکارهای اختصاصی و دستگاه‌های سنجش دقیق بذر فراهم شده است. استفاده از بذرکارهای پشت‌تراکتوری و کارنده‌های دستی گردان راندمان کاشت را بیشتر افزایش می‌دهند. روش‌های آبیاری مدرن مانند آبیاری قطره‌ای، آبیاری تناوبی، و سنجش خودکار رطوبت خاک، بهره‌وری آب را بهینه می‌کنند. مدیریت علف‌های هرز با فناوری‌های وجین‌کن‌های مکانیکی از طریق انرژی خورشیدی و خودران تکامل یافته است. نقشه‌برداری‌های مختلف زمین و عملکرد محصول، فناوری نرخ متغیر و وسایل نقلیه هوایی بدون سرنشین (پهپاد) امکان کنترل دقیق علف‌های هرز بر اساس مدیریت مکانی خاص را فراهم می‌کنند. به‌طور کلی، ماشین‌آلات مدرن انقلابی در کشت مستقیم بذر برنج ایجاد کرده‌اند که منجر به افزایش عملکرد، کارایی بالاتر در استفاده از نهاده‌ها، کاهش نیاز به نیروی کار، افزایش عملکرد محصول و بهبود پایداری تولید شده است. تداوم نوآوری، چشم‌انداز وسیعی برای بهینه‌سازی استقرار گیاه در خاک، به حداقل رساندن تلفات پس از برداشت و افزایش سودآوری و در عین حال حفظ منابع طبیعی دارد. این مقاله مروری به بررسی این پیشرفت‌ها و پیامدهای آن‌ها برای آینده کشت مستقیم بذر برنج می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بذرکار؛ بذرکارهای استوانه‌ای؛ دیبلر؛ کشت مستقیم برنج؛ مکانیزاسیون

مراجع

1. Acharya, P., Regmi, P. P., Gauchan, D., KC, D. B., & KC, G. B. (2020). Comparative study on technical efficiency of mechanized and traditional rice farm in Nepal. Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 3(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.3126/janr.v3i2.32484
2. Ahmad, S. N. I. S. S., Juraimi, A. S., Sulaiman, N., Che'Ya, N. N., Su, A. S. M., Nor, N. M., & Roslin, M. H. M. (2023). Weeds Detection and Control in Rice Crop Using UAVs and Artificial Intelligence: A Review. Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000371
3. Arivukodi, S., & Velayutham, A. (2017). Evolving suitable weed management practices for direct sown drum seeded rice in Thamirabarani command area. Agric. Update, 12(TECHSEAR-2). 567-571. https://doi.org/15740/HAS/AU/12.TECHSEAR(2)2017/567-571
4. Arouna, A., Dzomeku, I. K., Shaibu, A. G., & Nurudeen, A. R. (2023). Water management for sustainable irrigation in rice (Oryza sativa) production: A review. Agronomy, 13(6), 1522. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061522
5. Barbaś, P., Sawicka, B., Marczak, B. K., & Pszczółkowski, P. (2020). Effect of mechanical and herbicide treatments on weed densities and biomass in two potato cultivars. Agriculture, 10(10), 455. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100455
6. Basavaraj, P. R., Ajaykumar, K., & Swathi, M. (2020). Development and evaluation of solar operated sprayer. Indian Journal of Ecology, 47(11), 245-248. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343384473
7. Conesa, M. R., Conejero, W., Vera, J., & Ruiz-Sánchez, M. C. (2021). Soil-based automated irrigation for a nectarine orchard in two water availability scenarios. Irrigation Science, 39(4), 421-439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00271-021-00736-0
8. Daponte, P., De Vito, L., Glielmo, L., Iannelli, L., Liuzza, D., Picariello, F., & Silano, G. (2019, May). A review on the use of drones for precision agriculture. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 275(1), 012022. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/1088/1755-1315/275/1/012022
9. De Nardi, S., Carnevale, C., Raccagni, S., & Sangiorgi, L. (2024). Data-Driven Models to Forecast the Impact of Temperature Anomalies on Rice Production in Southeast Asia. Forecasting, 6(1), 100-114. https://doi.org/10.3390/forecast6010006
10. Dhruw, U. K., & Verma, A. (2018). Power Operated Paddy Seeder for Dry and Wet Seeding. Journal of Plant Development Sciences, 10(6), 311-315.
11. Farooq, M. K. H. M., Siddique, K. H., Rehman, H., Aziz, T., Lee, D. J., & Wahid, A. (2011). Rice direct seeding: experiences, challenges and opportunities. Soil and Tillage Research, 111(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.10.008
12. Haryono, D., Hudoyo, A., & Mayasari, I. (2021, April). The sustainable agricultural mechanization of rice farming and its impact on land productivity and profit in Lampung Tengah Regency. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 739(1), 012056. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012056
13. Hassan, U., Shahbaz, M., Kashif, M. S., Ali, L., Chaudhary, M. T., & Qamar, W. (2021). Evaluation of Different Land Preparation Techniques for Preparing Medium Textured Soil in Rice Production under Agro-Ecological Conditions of Sheikhupura-Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 9(12), 2131-2135. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i12.2131-2135.4331
14. Hoque, M. A., & Hannan, M. A. (2014). Performance evaluation of laser guided leveler. International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology (IJARIT), 4(2), 82-86. https://doi.org/22004/ag.econ.305374
15. Hu, L., Xu, Y., He, J., Du, P., Zhao, R., & Luo, X. (2020). Design and test of tractor-attached laser-controlled rotary scraper land leveler for paddy fields. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 146(4), 04020002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001448
16. Ishfaq, M., Akbar, N., Anjum, S. A., & Anwar-Ijl-Haq, M. (2020). Growth, yield and water productivity of dry direct seeded rice and transplanted aromatic rice under different irrigation management regimes. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19(11), 2656-2673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62876-5
17. Kemparaju, K. B. (2023). Diversity in Rice Germplasm. Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Genetic Resources, 58.
18. Kilemo, D. B. (2022). The review of water use efficiency and water productivity metrics and their role in sustainable water resources management. Open Access Library Journal, 9(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107075
19. Kishore Kumar, P. (2018). Effect of Different Wet Seeding Methods and Weed Management Practices on Grain Yield of Unpuddled Rice (Oryza sativa) in Tamirabarani Command Area. International Journal of Agriculture Sciences, ISSN, 0975-3710
20. Komatineni, B. K., Satpathy, S. K., Reddy, K. K. V., Sukdeva, B., Dwivedi, U., & Lahre, J. (2023). Development and Evaluation of Bluetooth based Remote Controlled Battery Powered Drum Seeder. e-Prime-Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy, 6, 100333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2023.100333
21. Kumar, G. S., & Chinnamuthu, C. R. (2022). Effect of time and method of sowing in wet direct seeded rice. Agricultural Science Digest-A Research Journal, 42(3), 327-331. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-5461
22. Kumar, M., Dogra, R., Narang, M., Singh, M., & Mehan, S. (2021). Development and Evaluation of Direct Paddy Seeder in Puddled Field. Sustainability, 13(5), 2745. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052745
23. Kumar, N. S., & Mohankumar, A. P. (2019). Performance Evaluation of a Power Operated Wetland Weeders for Paddy. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(04), 2266-2272. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.804.265
24. Kumar, S., Karaliya, S. K., & Chaudhary, S. (2017). Precision farming technologies towards enhancing productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat cropping system. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences,6(3), 142-151. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.016
25. Kumar, V., & Ladha, J. K. (2011). Direct seeding of rice: recent developments and future research needs. Advances in Agronomy, 111, 297-413. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-387689-8.00001-1
26. Kumar, V., Singh, S., Sagar, V., & Maurya, M. L. (2018). Evaluation of different crop establishment method of rice on growth, yield and economics of rice cultivation in agro-climatic condition of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(3), 2295-2298.
27. Kumari, C. R., & Sudheer, M. J. (2015). On-farm evaluation of paddy drum seeder (8 row) in farmers fields. Advance Research Journal of Crop Improvement, 6(2), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.15740/has/arjci/6.2/139-143
28. Kumawat, A., Sepat, S., Kumar, D., Jinger, D., & Kaur, R. (2017). Effect of irrigation scheduling on yield and water-use efficiency of direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa). Annals of Agricultural Research, 38(1).
29. Liu, H., Hussain, S., Zheng, M., Peng, S., Huang, J., Cui, K., & Nie, L. (2014). Dry direct- seeded rice as an alternative to transplanted-flooded rice in Central China. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35, 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0239-0
30. Luo, W., Chen, M., Kang, Y., Li, W., Li, D., Cui, Y., & Luo, Y. (2022). Analysis of crop water requirements and irrigation demands for rice: Implications for increasing effective rainfall. Agricultural Water Management, 260, 107285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107285
31. Manandhar, A., Zhu, H., Ozkan, E., & Shah, A. (2020). Techno-economic impacts of using a laser-guided variable-rate spraying system to retrofit conventional constant-rate sprayers. Precision Agriculture, 21, 1156-1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09712-8
32. Maqsood, L., & Khalil, T. M. (2013, October). A review of direct and indirect implications of laser land leveling as agriculture resource conservation technology in Punjab province of Pakistan. In 2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)(pp. 349-354). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713710
33. McDonald, R. I., Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P. A., & Montgomery, M. (2014). Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure. Global Environmental Change, 27, 96-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
34. Miah, M. M., & Haque, M. E. (2015). Farm level impact study of power tiller operated seeders on service providers' livelihood in some selected sites of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40(4), 669. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i4.26941
35. Mir, M. S., Singh, P., Bhat, T. A., Kanth, R. H., Nazir, A., Al-Ashkar, I., & El Sabagh, A. (2023). Influence of sowing time and weed management practices on the performance and weed dynamics of direct drum seeded rice. ACS Omega, 8(29), 25861-25876. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01361
36. Muazu, A., Yahya, A., Ishak, W. I. W., & Khairunniza-Bejo, S. (2014). Machinery utilization and production cost of wetland, direct seeding paddy cultivation in Malaysia. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2, 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaspro.2014.11.050
37. Nageswar Bandi, V. R. H., Mathew, M., & Patil, B. (2020). Design, development and testing of a paddy hill seeder. International Journal of Chemical Studies https://doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i4h.10273
38. Ningthoujam, B., Haribhushan, A., Langpoklakpam, B., & Bhattacharjya, R. (2020). Present status and intervention of new technology to the existing rice cultivation system in South Garo Hills District of Meghalaya, India. International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience, 8(5), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.18782/2582-2845.8064
39. Paman, U., Wahyudy, H. A., & Bahri, S. (2019, November). Farm Power Sources and Machinery Contribution in Small Rice Farming Operations in Kampar Region, Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 347(1), 012117. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012117
40. Paul, R. A. I., Arthanari, P. M., Pazhanivelan, S., Kavitha, R., & Djanaguiraman, M. (2023). Drone-based herbicide application for energy saving, higher weed control and economics in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 93(7), 704-709. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i7.137859
41. Pitoyo, J., & Idkham, M. (2021, November). Review of rice transplanter and direct seeder to be applied in Indonesia paddy field. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science,922(1), 012019. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/922/1/012019
42. Pittelkow, C. M., Liang, X., Linquist, B. A., Van Groenigen, K. J., Lee, J., Lundy, M. E., ... & Van Kessel, C. (2015). Productivity limits and potentials of the principles of conservation agriculture. Nature, 517(7534), 365-368. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13809
43. Pradhan, S. C., Nayak, B. C., Mohanty, S., & Behera, B. K. (2014). Performance evaluation of eight-row drum seeder for rice cultivation. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 16(2), 31-38.
44. Quayum, M. A., & Ali, A. M. (2012). Adoption and diffusion of power tillers in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research, 37(2), 307-325. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11234
45. Radoglou-Grammatikis, P., Sarigiannidis, P., Lagkas, T., & Moscholios, I. (2020). A compilation of UAV applications for precision agriculture. Computer Networks, 172, 107148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107148
46. Ragesh, K. T., Jogdand, S. V., & Victor, D. V. (2018). Field performance evaluation of power weeder for paddy crop. Current Agriculture Research Journal, 6(3), 441-448. https://doi.org/10.12944/CARJ.6.3.24
47. Rajamanickam, A. K., Uvaraja, V. C., Selvamuthukumaran, D., & Surya, K. (2021, February). Fabrication of Paddy Transplanter Machine. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 1059(1), 012064. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1059/1/012064
48. Rajkumar, R., Vishwanatha, J., Anand, S. R., Karegoudar, A. V., Dandekar, A. T., & Kaledhonkar, M. J. (2017). Effect of Laser Land Leveling on Crop Yield and Water Production Efficiency of Paddy (Oryza sativa) in Tungabhadra Project Command. Journal of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, 9(2), 213-218.
49. Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J. K., & Mortimer, A. M. (2007). Weed management in direct‐seeded rice. Advances in agronomy, 93, 153-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2113(06)93004-1
50. Rao, M. S., & Naidu, D. C. (2019). Drum seeder technology is made easy paddy cultivation, and it is a boon to farmers of North Coastal Zone of Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 8(9), 1733-1739. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.809.200
51. Rao, S. M., Patil, D., Rao, B. S., & Reddy, G. R. (2014). Performance evaluation of a manually operated paddy drum seeder-a cost saving technology for paddy cultivation. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 16(1), 75-83.
52. Rao, T., PB, P. K., & Chandrayudu, E. (2020). Direct seeding rice with drum seeder is made easy to rice cultivation in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(6), 1237-1240.
53. Ratnayake, R. C., & Balasoriya, B. P. (2013). Re-design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of manual conical drum seeder: a case study. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 29(2), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.42644
54. Regalado, M. J. C., & Cruz, R. T. (2010). Tillage and Crop Establishment Technologies for Improved Labor Productivity and Energy Efficiency, and Reduced Costs in Rice Production. In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20-June 23, 2010(p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.29852
55. Sahoo, P. K., Sahu, N. C., & Rout, K. K. (2012). Performance evaluation of a manually operated rotary dibbler for sowing of groundnut. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 14(4), 56-62.
56. Sangeetha, S. P., Balakrishnan, A., Sathya Priya, R., & Maheswari, J. (2009). Influence of seeding methods and weed management practices on direct seeded rice. Indian Journal of Weed Science,41(3&4), 210-212. 
57. Sandhu, L. K., Singh, S., Kaur, R., & Singh, B. (2019). Economic evaluation of laser land leveling technology in Punjab (India) a step towards sustainable development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 12(04), 23-32.
58. Yaligar, R., Balakrishnan, P., Satishkumar, U., Kanannavar, P. S., Halepyati, A. S., Jat, M. L., & Rajesh, N. (2017). Land leveling and its temporal variability under different leveling, cultivation practices and irrigation methods for paddy. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 3784-3789. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.467
59. Yu, X., Zhang, B., & You, J. (2021, February). Design and Analysis of Film-Covering Direct Seeding Machine in Paddy Field. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series,1744(2), 022126. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1744/2/022126
60. Zeng, S., Zhou, Z., Lu, H., Luo, X., Tang, X., Wang, Z., & Wang, P. (2011). Extension and Application of Precision Rice Hill-Drop Drilling Machine. In 2011 Louisville, Kentucky, August 7-10, 2011(p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.37796
61. Zhang, L. Y., Zhang, Z. X., Li, Q. Y., Yao, J. P., Li, R. H., Zhang, X., & Liang, C. B. (2013). Mechanical automation of rice transplanting and key agronomic techniques. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 345, 498-501. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.345.498