چشم‌انداز مکانیزاسیون کشت مستقیم بذر برنج: مروری جامع

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، اصلاح شده برای چاپ، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 12 خرداد 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری لاتین

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2024.87897.1247

نویسندگان

اس. مانوج کومار¹؛ آر. کارتیکین^{* 2}؛ کا. تیروکوماران¹؛ ای. سنتیل³؛ پی. دهانان‌چژیان⁴

¹دانشکده زراعت، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

²معاونت مدیریت محصولات زراعی، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

³دانشکده فیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

⁴دانشکده مهندسی ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی و قدرت، دانشگاه کشاورزی تامیل نادو، کوایمباتور، ایالت تامیل نادو، هند

چکیده

روش سنتی نشاکاری برنج نیاز به نیروی انسانی زیادی دارد و منجر به تغییر به سمت کاشت مستقیم بذر برنج برای کشت برنج شده است. از جمله مزایای کاشت مستقیم بذر می‌توان به کاهش نیاز به نیروی کار، کاشت به‌موقع و صرفه‌جویی در آب اشاره کرد. نوآوری در ماشین‌آلات کشاورزی کارایی کشت مستقیم بذر برنج را به‌طور قابل‌توجهی بهبود بخشیده است و این پیشرفت تمام مراحل از آماده‌سازی زمین تا برداشت را در برمی‌گیرد. تکنیک‌هایی مانند روش‌های بدون خاک‌ورزی و تسطیح لیزری، استفاده کارآمد از منابع و حفظ منابع آب را تضمین می‌کند و در عین حال اختلالات خاک را به حداقل می‌رساند. امکان قرارگیری دقیق بذر و جوانه‌زنی یکنواخت با استفاده از بذرکارهای اختصاصی و دستگاه‌های سنجش دقیق بذر فراهم شده است. استفاده از بذرکارهای پشت‌تراکتوری و کارنده‌های دستی گردان راندمان کاشت را بیشتر افزایش می‌دهند. روش‌های آبیاری مدرن مانند آبیاری قطره‌ای، آبیاری تناوبی، و سنجش خودکار رطوبت خاک، بهره‌وری آب را بهینه می‌کنند. مدیریت علف‌های هرز با فناوری‌های وجین‌کن‌های مکانیکی از طریق انرژی خورشیدی و خودران تکامل یافته است. نقشه‌برداری‌های مختلف زمین و عملکرد محصول، فناوری نرخ متغیر و وسایل نقلیه هوایی بدون سرنشین (پهپاد) امکان کنترل دقیق علف‌های هرز بر اساس مدیریت مکانی خاص را فراهم می‌کنند. به‌طور کلی، ماشین‌آلات مدرن انقلابی در کشت مستقیم بذر برنج ایجاد کرده‌اند که منجر به افزایش عملکرد، کارایی بالاتر در استفاده از نهاده‌ها، کاهش نیاز به نیروی کار، افزایش عملکرد محصول و بهبود پایداری تولید شده است. تداوم نوآوری، چشم‌انداز وسیعی برای بهینه‌سازی استقرار گیاه در خاک، به حداقل رساندن تلفات پس از برداشت و افزایش سودآوری و در عین حال حفظ منابع طبیعی دارد. این مقاله مروری به بررسی این پیشرفت‌ها و پیامدهای آن‌ها برای آینده کشت مستقیم بذر برنج می‌پردازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بذرکار؛ بذرکارهای استوانه‌ای؛ دیبلر؛ کشت مستقیم برنج؛ مکانیزاسیون

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