واکاوی سیاست خارجی برآمده از قانون اساسی مشروطه: تفسیر جامعه شناختی تاریخی

پژوهش نامه ایرانی سیاست بین الملل

دوره 13، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 26، تیر 1404، صفحه 6-31   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/irlip.2025.87151.1507

نویسندگان

سمانه شفیع زاده برمی¹؛ سید احمد فاطمی نژاد^{* 2}؛ مهدی نجف زاده³؛ مرتضی منشادی³

¹دانشجوی دکتری علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

²دانشیار روابط بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران. (نویسنده مسئول)

³دانشیار علوم سیاسی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

ایران در اوایل سده بیستم با انقلاب مشروطه و تشکیل نخستین مجلس مؤسسان به تدوین اصول سیاست خارجی اقدام نمود. مختصات سیاست خارجی در قانون اساسی مشروطه غیرانقلابی، عقلانی و مبتنی بر بی­طرفی و روابط خارجی مسالمت آمیز می­باشد. علی­رغم سیاست نفوذ روس و انگلیس در ایران و به دنبال آن تحمیل قراردادهای سیاسی و اقتصادی در سال­های منتهی به انقلاب مشروطه، پرسشی که مطرح می­شود این است که چرا برونداد سیاست خارجی در قانون اساسی انقلاب مشروطه عمدتاً واقع‌­گرایانه، غیرانقلابی، عقلایی و همراستا با نظام بین‌­الملل شکل گرفته است؟ فرضیه‌­ای که با استفاده از نظریه جامعه شناسی تاریخی انقلاب جرج لاوسن برای پاسخ به این پرسش مطرح می­کنیم این است که پیکربندی پیچیده‌­ای از زمینه­‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی و اجتماعی داخلی همسو با عوامل بین‌­المللی به شکل­گیری موقعیت انقلابی و ائتلاف نیروهای داخلی و قدرتهای خارجی در مسیر انقلاب و درنتیجه، پدیدار سیاست خارجی عقلانی، واقع­‌گرایانه و مسالمت‌­آمیز توسط روشنفکران در قانون اساسی منجر شده است. روش این پژوهش تاریخی- تفسیری و متکی برمنابع کتابخانه‌­ای است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

جامعه شناسی تاریخی؛ سیاست خارجی؛ ایران؛ انقلاب مشروطه

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