ارزیابی انرژی و اقتصادی سیستم‌های تولید زیتون: مقایسه‌ای از استراتژی‌های مدیریت علف‌های هرز شیمیایی، مکانیکی و تلفیقی

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 31 خرداد 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی انگلیسی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2025.91522.1329

نویسندگان

بهنام محمدی؛ علیرضا یوسفی؛ مجید نامداری^* ؛ مسلم حیدری

گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

این مطالعه مصرف انرژی و عملکرد اقتصادی سه روش کنترل علف‌های هرز در باغ‌های زیتون شهرستان طارم، استان زنجان را با تمرکز بر کشاورزی پایدار ارزیابی می‌کند. هدف، ارزیابی بهره‌وری انرژی و مقرون‌به‌صرفه‌بودن سیستم‌های مختلف مدیریت علف‌های هرز است. این تحلیل شامل کنترل شیمیایی علف‌های هرز (سیستم I)، کنترل مکانیکی (سیستم II) و روش تلفیقی علف‌های هرز (سیستم III) است. داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه با 50 باغدار زیتون جمع‌آوری شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که کل مصرف انرژی در سیستم III (93,069.16 مگاژول در هکتار) بالاترین و در سیستم I (64,297.16 مگاژول در هکتار) پایین‌ترین میزان را داشت. سیستم I همچنین بهره‌وری انرژی برتر (0.74)، انرژی خروجی (47,648.40 مگاژول در هکتار) و بهره‌وری انرژی (0.06 کیلوگرم در مگاژول) را نشان داد و آن را به قابل‌اجراترین گزینه برای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی تبدیل کرد. از نظر اقتصادی، سیستم I بالاترین سود خالص (4,662.28 دلار در هکتار) و نسبت سود به هزینه (2.16) را ایجاد کرد و از سیستم‌های II (3,073.31 دلار در هکتار؛ نسبت سود به هزینه: 2.16) و III (2,953.57 دلار در هکتار؛ نسبت سود به هزینه: 1.97) عملکرد بهتری داشت. این مطالعه نتیجه می‌گیرد که سیستم I، با استفاده کارآمد از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر، از نظر عملکرد انرژی و اقتصادی، قابل‌اجراترین گزینه است و تعادلی بین ورودی انرژی کم و بازده بالا ایجاد می‌کند، بنابراین سود را به حداکثر و هزینه‌های تولید را به حداقل می‌رساند. این یافته‌ها بر اهمیت انتخاب روش‌های مناسب کنترل علف‌های هرز برای بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی و کاهش هزینه‌های کلی تولید در کشت زیتون تأکید می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انرژی؛ پایداری؛ علف‌های هرز؛ کارایی؛ مقرون‌به‌صرفه بودن

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