بهینه‌سازی چندمتغیره کیفیت خاک‌ورزی گاوآهن برگردان‌دار با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 تیر 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2025.92680.1357

نویسندگان

محمد اکبری¹؛ عیسی حزباوی^{* 1}؛ مصطفی جعفریان²

¹گروه مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

²مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خراسان شمالی، شیروان، ایران

چکیده

حفظ بقایا و ناهمواری خاک در اراضی دیم، فرسایش را تقلیل داده و خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی با بهبود رشد گیاه، در پایداری کشاورزی نقش اساسی دارد. با توجه به اهمیت این روش‌ها و کمبود پژوهش‌های دقیق، مطالعه حاضر به‌منظور انتخاب بهینه‌ترین روش خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی انجام پذیرفت. این تحقیق به‌منظور مدل‌سازی و بهینه‌سازی کیفیت خاک‌ورزی (ناهمواری سطح و دفن بقایا) با استفاده از گاوآهن برگردان‌دار انجام شد. هدف، تعیین بهترین سرعت و عمق شخم گاوآهن برای دستیابی به کیفیت مطلوب خاک‌ورزی است. به‌منظور تعیین شرایط بهینه، تأثیر سرعت پیشروی تراکتور (5، 7.5 و 10 کیلومتر بر ساعت) و عمق شخم (17.5، 22.5 و 27.5 سانتی‌متر) با استفاده از روش سطح پاسخ ارزیابی شد. به‌منظور سنجش ناهمواری سطح خاک و تعیین درصد مدفون شدن بقایای گیاهی، به‌ترتیب از دستگاه پین‌متر و روش پردازش تصویر استفاده شد. نتایج حاکی از تأثیر معنادار کلیه فاکتورهای مستقل بر هر دو شاخص بود (P<0.01). نتایج نشان داد که افزایش عمق شخم منجر به افزایش 36.78 درصدی در میزان ناهمواری سطح خاک گردید، در حالی‌که کاهش عمق شخم با افت 13.74 درصدی در مدفون شدن بقایای گیاهی همراه بود. همچنین، کاهش سرعت پیشروی، کاهش 7.87 درصدی در مدفون شدن بقایا و افزایش 32.82 درصدی در ناهمواری سطح خاک را نشان داد. در شرایط بهینه، مقادیر 10.96 سانتی‌متر برای ناهمواری سطح خاک و 69.34 درصد برای مدفون شدن بقایای گیاهی مشاهده شد. این نتایج در سرعت 5 کیلومتر بر ساعت و عمق شخم 17.5 سانتی‌متر به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سرعت پیشروی؛ عمق شخم؛ مدفون شدن بقایای گیاهی؛ ناهمواری سطح خاک

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