بررسی اثر زمان برداشت انگور و خشک کردن به روش خلاء (VD) بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی کشمش رقم بی‌دانه سفید قوچان

ماشین های کشاورزی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 23 تیر 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jam.2024.87715.1241

نویسندگان

فائزه کیومرثی دربندی¹؛ یحیی سلاح ورزی^{* 1}؛ بهرام عابدی¹؛ مریم کمالی¹؛ حسن صدرنیا²

¹گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

با توجه به اهمیت زمان برداشت انگور برکیفیت کشمش، تعیین زمان مناسب برداشت و بهینه‌سازی روش‌های خشک کردن برای دستیابی به تولید کشمش با کیفیت از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. به‌منظور بررسی اثر متقابل زمان برداشت (5، 15و 25 شهریور ماه) و روش خشک کردن (آفتاب خشک، خشک‌کن خلاء 60، 70 و 80 درجه سلسیوس) بر خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی کشمش رقم بی‌دانه سفید، تحقیقی در قالب آزمایش کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در 4 تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش زمان برداشت و روش خشک کردن بر صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی نظیر مواد جامد محلول، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، فنل کل، فلاونوئید و بار میکروبی تاثیر معنی‌داری نشان داد. بیشترین مقدار مواد جامد محلول مربوط به تیمار 25 شهریور ماه و کمترین آن مربوط به تیمار 5 شهریور ماه بود .میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان، محتوای فنل، فلاونوئید و قند کل در تیمار خشک‌کن خلاء بیشتر از روش آفتاب خشک بود. بیشترین بار میکروبی (Cfug^-1 126.51) مربوط به کشمش آفتاب خشک بود و در مقابل تیمار تحت خشک‌کن خلاء در هر سه دما کمترین مقدار بارمیکروبی (تقریبا صفر) را داشتند. به‌طور کلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که کشمش تولیدشده در برداشت سوم و خلاء 60 درجه سلسیوس از نظر صفات بیوشیمیایی نسبت به سایر تیمارها کیفیت مطلوب‌تری داشت و می‌توان چنین اظهار کرد که روش خشک‌کن خلاء، جایگزین مناسبی برای روش‌های خشک کردن سنتی محسوب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آنتی‌اکسیدان؛ بار میکروبی؛ باز جذب آب؛ خشک‌کن خلاء؛ فلاونوئید؛ محتوای فنل

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