Abatzoglou, J. T., Dobrowski, S. Z., Parks, S. A., & Hegewisch, K. C. (2018). TerraClimate, a high-resolution global dataset of monthly climate and climatic water balance from 1958–2015. Scientific Data, 5, 170191. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.191
Alayi Talaghani, M. (2009). Geomorphology of Iran. Tehran: Ghoomes Publications. [In Persian]
Andreadis, K. M., Clark, E. A., Wood, A. W., Hamlet, A. F., & Lettenmaier, D. P. (2005). Twentieth-century drought in the conterminous United States. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 6(6), 985-1001. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM450.1
Araghi, A. R., Martinez, C. J., & Adamowski, J. F. (2023). Evaluation of TerraClimate gridded data across diverse climates in Iran. Earth Science Informatics, 16, 1347–1358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-023-00967-z
Beck, H. E., Wood, E. F., Pan, M., Fisher, C. K., Miralles, D. G., Van Dijk, A. I.,... & Adler, R. F. (2019). MSWEP V2 global 3-hourly 0.1 precipitation: methodology and quantitative assessment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(3), 473-500. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0138.1
Cook, B. I., Ault, T. R., & Smerdon, J. E. (2015). Unprecedented 21st century drought risk in the American Southwest and Central Plains. Science advances, 1(1), e1400082. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1400082
Diaz, V., Corzo Perez, G. A., Van Lanen, H. A. J., & Solomatine, D. P. (2024). Three-Dimensional Clustering in the Characterization of Spatiotemporal Drought Dynamics: Cluster Size Filter and Drought Indicator Threshold Optimization. Advanced Hydroinformatics: Machine Learning and Optimization for Water Resources, 319-342. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119639268.ch11
Diaz, V., Perez, G. A. C., Van Lanen, H. A., Solomatine, D., & Varouchakis, E. A. (2020). An approach to characterise spatio-temporal drought dynamics. Advances in Water Resources, 137, 103512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2020.103512
Fathi Taperasht, A., Shafizadeh-Moghadam, H., & Kouchakzadeh, M. (2022). Spatial-temporal analysis of Iran's climatic classification based on Domarten method and Mann-Kendall test in the statistical period of 1995-2019. Environmental Sciences, 20(3), 137-154. [In Persain] https://doi: 10.52547/envs.2021.1105
Forootan, E., Safari, A., Mostafaie, A., Schumacher, M., Delavar, M., & Awange, J. L. (2017). Large-scale total water storage and water flux changes over the arid and semiarid parts of the Middle East from GRACE and reanalysis products. Surveys in Geophysics, 38(3), 591-615. [In Persain] https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-016-9403-1
Funk, C., Peterson, P., Landsfeld, M., Pedreros, D., Verdin, J., Shukla, S., & Michaelsen, J. (2015). The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations – A new environmental record for monitoring extremes. Scientific Data, 2, 150066. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66
Gebrechorkos, S. H., Hülsmann, S., & Bernhofer, C. (2019). Long-term trends in rainfall and temperature using high-resolution climate datasets in East Africa. Scientific Reports 9, 11376. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-47933-8
Haralick, R. M., & Shapiro, L. G. (1992). Computer and robot vision II. Addison-Wesley.
Herrera‐Estrada, J. E., & Diffenbaugh, N. S. (2020). Landfalling droughts: Global tracking of moisture deficits from the oceans onto land. Water Resources Research, 56(9), e2019WR026877. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026877
Hosseini, A., Ghavidel, Y., & Farajzadeh, M. (2021). Characterization of drought dynamics in Iran by using S-TRACK method. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 145, 661–671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03656-3
Khosravi, M., Abbasnia, M., Ghobadi, A., & Armesh, M. (2017). Investigating the spatial relationship between spring convective precipitation and topography in northwestern Iran. Geography and Urban-Regional Planning, 7(23), 21–38. [In Persian] https://doi.org/10.22111/gaij.2017.3222
Lioyd-Hughes, B. (2012). A spatio-temporal structure-based approach to drought characterization. International Journal of Climatology, 32(3), 406–418. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2280
Liu, Z., Hu, S., & Mo, X. (2025). Spatiotemporal Variation of Compound Drought and Heatwave Events in Semi-Arid and Semi-Humid Regions of China. Atmosphere, 16(5), 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050568
Palmer, W. C. (1965). Meteorological drought (Research Paper 45). U.S. Weather Bureau.
Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., & McMahon, T. A. (2007). Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 11, 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Razmi, R., Sotoudeh, F., Ghane, M., & Ostad-Ali-Askari, K. (2022). Temporal–spatial analysis of drought and wet periods: case study of a wet region in Northwestern Iran (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardebil and Zanjan provinces). Applied Water Science, 12(11), 251.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-022-01765-6
Sadeghi, F., Ghavidel, Y., & Farajzadeh, M. (2022). Long-term analysis of the spatiotemporal standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index for West Asia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15, 1183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-022-10458-y
Shayeghi, A., Ziveh, A. R., Bakhtar, A., Teymoori, J., Hanel, M., Godoy, M. R. V., ... & AghaKouchak, A. (2024). Assessing drought impacts on groundwater and agriculture in Iran using high-resolution precipitation and evapotranspiration products. Journal of Hydrology, 631, 130828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130828
Vaghefi, S. A., Keykhai, M., Jahanbakhshi, F., Sheikholeslami, J., Ahmadi, A., Yang, H., & Abbaspour, K. C. (2019). The future of extreme climate in Iran. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1464. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-38071-8
Verhoeven, E., Wardle, G. M., Roth, G. W., & Greenville, A. C. (2022). Characterising the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought and wet events in Australia. Science of the Total Environment, 846, 157480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157480
Vernieuwe, H., De Baets, B., & Verhoest, N. E. (2020). A mathematical morphology approach for a qualitative exploration of drought events in space and time. International Journal of Climatology, 40(1), 530-543. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6226
Wang, D., Jia, H., Tang, J., & Liu, N. (2025). Analysis of the spatiotemporal patterns and propagation characteristics of drought risk in China. Frontiers of Earth Science, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-024-1139-5
Wei, W., Lu, D., Song, Y., Sherif, M., Dewan, A., Liu, T & Wang, X. (2025). Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought events in Asia from a three-dimensional perspective. Climate Dynamics, 63(3), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-025-07645-4
World Meteorological Organization (WMO). (2006). Drought monitoring and early warning: Concepts, progress and future challenges (WMO No. 1006). Geneva: WMO
Yang, G., Chang, J., Wang, Y., Guo, A., Zhang, L., Zhou, K., & Wang, Z. (2024). Understanding drought propagation through coupling spatiotemporal features using vine copulas: A compound drought perspective. Science of the Total Environment, 921, 171080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171080
|