ارزیابی اثرات مونوپتاسیم فسفات و کود دامی بر پویایی فسفر و ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک

آب و خاک

مقاله 4، دوره 39، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 101، مرداد و شهریور 1404، صفحه 289-275   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jsw.2025.93603.1483

نویسندگان

افسانه برور¹؛ ناصر برومند^{* 1}؛ مجید حجازی مهریزی¹؛ محمد سادات حسینی²

¹گروه مهندسی علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران

²گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

چکیده

چکیده

فسفر یکی از عناصر غذایی کلیدی در خاک به شمار می‌رود و مطالعه تأثیر کودهای فسفره بر نحوه توزیع و تحرک آن در خاک، می‌تواند نقش مهمی در بهینه‌سازی مصرف کود، ارتقاء عملکرد محصولات کشاورزی، و کاهش پیامدهای زیست‌محیطی ناشی از کاربرد بیش از حد کودهای شیمیایی ایفا کند. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر مصرف کود مونوپتاسیم فسفات و کود آلی بر اشکال مختلف فسفر در خاک، یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار سطح کود مونوپتاسیم فسفات (صفر، 70، 140 و 210 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و دو سطح کود گاوی (صفر و 30 تن در هکتار) بود. تأثیر تیمارهای مورد مطالعه بر میزان هدایت الکتریکی، pH، کربن آلی و اشکال مختلف فسفر در خاک (فرم قابل استخراج با آب و سود و اسید کلریدریک و بی‌کربنات، فسفر اولسن و فسفر باقیمانده) بررسی شد. به‌طورکلی نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که افزودن مونوپتاسیم فسفات و کود گاوی به خاک سبب افزایش میزان هدایت الکتریکی و ماده آلی خاک شد. نتایج نشان داد که کود مونوپتاسیم فسفات باعث افزایش معنی‌دار هدایت الکتریکی (تا 2/49 واحد) و کود دامی موجب افزایش کربن آلی خاک تا 1.74 درصد شد. حضور کود دامی در سطح 210 کیلوگرم کود شیمیایی موجب کاهش هدایت الکتریکی نسبت به کاربرد تنها کود شیمیایی شد. بیشترین مقدار فسفر در بخش قابل استخراج با آب (Water-P) مشاهده شد که با کاربرد هم‌زمان کود دامی و فسفر شیمیایی، نسبت به شاهد، به ترتیب تا 35، 51، 9/36 و 1/62 درصد افزایش یافت. فسفر قابل استخراج با بی‌کربنات (NaHCO₃-P) نیز در حضور کود دامی تا 3/28 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش نشان داد. در مقابل، فسفر قابل حل در اسید کلریدریک (HCl-P) با افزایش سطح فسفر کاهش یافت؛ به‌ویژه در سطح 210 کیلوگرم کود، نسبت به شاهد کاهش معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. فسفر باقیمانده (Residual-P) نیز با کاربرد 210 کیلوگرم فسفر و کود دامی، تا 48.5 درصد افزایش یافت. همبستگی معنی‌داری بین کربن آلی و فسفرهای قابل استخراج با آب (r=0.57) و اسید کلریدریک (r=0.60) مشاهده شد.

کلمات کلیدی: فرکشن‌بندی فسفر، فسفر محلول در آب، کود آلی، فسفر اولسن

کلیدواژه‌ها

فسفر؛ کشاورزی پایدار؛ خاک‌های آهکی؛ کود دامی؛ مونوپتاسیم فسفات

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