اخبار و اعلانات

 آمار

تعداد نشریات56
تعداد شماره‌ها2,161
تعداد مقالات22,517
تعداد مشاهده مقاله106,928,554
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله50,857,759
Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Ghaderi, Esmaeil, Nowrozzadeh, Babak, Moussavi Neghabi, Seyed Mojtaba. (1404). The Role of Protected Area Tourism in Sustainable Rural Development (A Qualitative Study: The Khartouran Region). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(2), 39-60. doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v14i2.2409-1110
Seyed Ali Hosseini; Esmaeil Ghaderi; Babak Nowrozzadeh; Seyed Mojtaba Moussavi Neghabi. "The Role of Protected Area Tourism in Sustainable Rural Development (A Qualitative Study: The Khartouran Region)". سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14, 2, 1404, 39-60. doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v14i2.2409-1110
Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Ghaderi, Esmaeil, Nowrozzadeh, Babak, Moussavi Neghabi, Seyed Mojtaba. (1404). 'The Role of Protected Area Tourism in Sustainable Rural Development (A Qualitative Study: The Khartouran Region)', سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 14(2), pp. 39-60. doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v14i2.2409-1110
Hosseini, Seyed Ali, Ghaderi, Esmaeil, Nowrozzadeh, Babak, Moussavi Neghabi, Seyed Mojtaba. The Role of Protected Area Tourism in Sustainable Rural Development (A Qualitative Study: The Khartouran Region). سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی, 1404; 14(2): 39-60. doi: 10.22067/jrrp.v14i2.2409-1110

The Role of Protected Area Tourism in Sustainable Rural Development (A Qualitative Study: The Khartouran Region)

Journal of Research and Rural Planning
دوره 14، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 49، مهر 2025، صفحه 39-60    اصل مقاله (1.1 M)
نوع مقاله: Original Article
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jrrp.v14i2.2409-1110
نویسندگان
Seyed Ali Hosseini1؛ Esmaeil Ghaderi1؛ Babak Nowrozzadeh1؛ Seyed Mojtaba Moussavi Neghabi* 2
1Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
2University of Gonabad, Gonشbad, Iran
چکیده
Purpose- Protected Area Tourism, despite its economic potential, can pose threats to natural resources and disrupt the balance of rural regions if not properly managed. This study aims to propose strategies for achieving sustainable rural development through tourism while simultaneously conserving environmental values in the Khartouran protected area. The village of Qaleh Bala in Shahrud was selected as the case study.
Design/methodology/approach- This research employed a qualitative approach using thematic analysis based on nine semi-structured interviews with tourism stakeholders. Participants were selected through purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis followed Braun and Clarke’s six-phase framework, and the process was conducted using MAXQDA software.
Findings- The results reveal that the impacts of tourism on rural development fall into three dimensions: economic, sociocultural, and environmental. Economically, tourism has contributed to diversifying the local economy, creating jobs, and increasing income. However, it has also raised the cost of living, generated unstable employment, and intensified the village’s economic dependency on nearby cities. In the sociocultural dimension, interactions between tourists and residents have revived handicrafts, strengthened local identity, and enhanced social interactions. Yet, they have also led to cultural clashes, lifestyle changes, and the weakening of traditional values. Environmentally, tourism has raised ecological awareness and reduced pressure on natural resources by decreasing reliance on agriculture and livestock. Nevertheless, the high volume of tourists has increased stress on water and soil resources, resulting in ecosystem degradation. For sustainable management of tourism in protected areas, effective strategies include developing comprehensive plans, educating local communities and tourists, enforcing strict environmental regulations, improving sustainable infrastructure, promoting ecotourism, diversifying rural livelihoods, and ensuring continuous monitoring of tourism activities.
Originality / Value- By adopting a qualitative approach and focusing on one of Iran’s most ecologically sensitive regions, this study provides an in-depth, multidimensional analysis of tourism impacts in protected areas. Its innovation lies in simultaneously identifying both the positive and negative effects of tourism across economic, sociocultural, and environmental dimensions and in offering realistic, context-specific management strategies to foster sustainable rural development within the framework of environmental conservation.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Sustainable tourism؛ Responsible tourism؛ Ecotourism؛ Tourism impacts؛ Local community participation؛ Khartouran National Park
مراجع
  1. Abrishami, H., Bidram, R., Majed, V., & Bakhshayesh, E. (2020). The Feasibility Study of Sustainable Rural Development through the Development of Creative Industries: A Case Study of Handicrafts in Selected Villages of Isfahan Province. Village and Development, 22(4), 51-69. https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2020.289507.1069
  2. Afshardoost, M., & Eshaghi, M. S. (2020). Destination image and tourist behavioural intentions: A meta-analysis. Tourism Management, 81, 104154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.2020.104154
  3. Behravesh, M., Poorhashemi, S. A., Panahi, S. M., & Parvin, M. r. (2020). The Importance of Biodiversity and Natural Attractions in the Development of Ecotourism Case Study: Touran Protected Region [Original Research]. Geographical Researches, 35(2), 141-153. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/geores.35.2.141
  4. Bhammar, H., Li, W., Molina, C. M. M., Hickey, V., Pendry, J., & Narain, U. (2021). Framework for Sustainable Recovery of Tourism in Protected Areas. Sustainability, 13(5), 2798. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2798
  5. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  6. Christou, P. A. (2022). How to use thematic analysis in qualitative research. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 3(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.4337/jqrt.2023.0006
  7. Dehghani, N., Ahmadi, M., & Farahani, H. (2024). Exposition of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Tourism Development on Local Communities in Rural Areas (Case Study: Baft County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 1-16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v13i2.2311-1094
  8. Denny, S., Englander, G., & Hunnicutt, P. (2024). Private management of African protected areas improves wildlife and tourism outcomes but with security concerns in conflict regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(29), e2401814121. https://doi.org/doi:10.1073/pnas.2401814121
  9. Drage, E., Hecht, M., Taff, B. D., & Newman, (2024). Exploring Stakeholder perspectives in protected areas and gateway communities: the case of aviation tourism growth in the Alaska Range. Tourism Recreation Research, 49(4), 812-825. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2067953
  10. Dudley, N. (2008). Guidelines for applying protected area management categories. IUCN. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.CH.2008.PAPS.2.en
  11. Eskandari Shahraki, z., Mohammadi Yeghaneh, B., Cheraghi, M., & Einali, J. (2023). Evaluating the Effects of Sustainable Tourism on Reducing Rural Poverty Case Study: Target Villages for Tourism in Ardel Township. Village and Development, 26(1), 75-97. https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2022.354476.1357
  12. Esparza-Huamanchumo, R. M., Llonto Caicedo, Y., Gamarra Flores, C. E., Romo Román, P. C., & Mougenot, B. (2024). Perceptions of stakeholders and challenges faced by ecotourism management in a natural protected area in Peru. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 26(8), 20757-20780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03501-9
  13. Gross, M., Pearson, J., Arbieu, U., Riechers, M., Thomsen, S., & Martín-López, B. (2023). Tourists’ valuation of nature in protected areas: A systematic review. Ambio, 52(6), 1065-1084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-023-01845-0
  14. He, Y., Gao, X., Wu, R., Wang, Y., & Choi, B.-R. (2021). How Does Sustainable Rural Tourism Cause Rural Community Development? Sustainability, 13(24), 13516. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13516
  15. Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523
  16. Hosseini, S. A., Yavarigohar, F., Memarian, S., & Moussavi Neghabi, S. M. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Corona Impacts on the Promotion of HSE Indicators in Hotels. Journal of Tourism and Development, 13(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.22034/jtd.2024.427017.2858
  17. Hu, Y., Sun, S., Chen, Y., & Yang, Z. (2025). Role and challenges of rural tourism in promoting sustainable rural development. International Theory and Practice in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 16-30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.70693/itphss.v2i3.145
  18. Jamshidzehi Shahbakhsh, O., & Moradi, H. (2021). Rural Tourism Development in Guilan: A Grounded Theory Study (Case Study: Rahmatabad and Blukat District in Rudbar County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 10(1), 81-99. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.V10i1.88723
  19. Jehan, Y., Batool, M., Hayat, N., & Hussain, D. (2023). Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Community in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan: a Local Community Prospective. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 14(1), 180-199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00885-9
  20. Karami, M., & AMeri, M. E. (2003). Management plan of the biosphere reserve of Touran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, 18(1), 25-34. https://doi.org/https://sid.ir/paper/87223/en
  21. Kermani, f., Rayegani, B., Nezami, B., Goshtasb, H., & Khosravi, H. (2022). Assessing the vegetation trends in arid and semi-arid regions (Case study: Touran Protected Area). Desert Ecosystem Engineering, 6(17), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22052/6.17.1
  22. Khademhosseini, O., Rahmani, B., Khaledi, S., & osanlu, a. (2024). Analysis of Tourism Indicators in the Sustainable Rural Development of Semi-Arid Regions in Iran. journal of sustainable rural development, -. https://doi.org/10.22034/jsrd.2024.465159.1191
  23. Khosrogerdi, E., Mashahadi, N., & Dadresi, A. (2025). Analysis of the aeolian Erodibility Potential of Soil and Subsurface sediment of Pavement and Playa crust (Case Study: Khartouran Region). Journal of Range and Watershed Managment, 78(2), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrwm.2025.384727.1786
  24. Liburd, J., Menke, B., & Tomej, K. (2024). Activating socio-cultural values for sustainable tourism development in natural protected areas. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(6), 1182-1200. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2211245
  25. Liu, Y.-L., Chiang, J.-T., & Ko, P.-F. (2023). The benefits of tourism for rural community development. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01610-4
  26. Madani, J. (2022). Investigating the Role of Rural Tourism in the Development of Sustainable Employment of Residents in the Post-Corona Era with a Scenario Approach (Case Study: Sarein County). Journal of Rural Research, 13(3), 390-407. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2022.336852.1711
  27. Majewski, L. (2024). Economic impact analysis of nature tourism in protected areas: Towards an adaptation to international standards in German protected areas. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 45, 100742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jort.2024.100742
  28. Mododi Arkhudi, M., Ferdowsi, S., & Boroumand, R. (2021). Investigating the Effects of Tourism in Protected Area (Shaskooh Protected Area of South Khorasan as a Case Study). Journal of Geography and Regional Development, 19(2), 291-263. https://doi.org/10.22067/jgrd.2022.71059.1045
  29. Mohammadimehr, S., Karimi, S., & Hosseni, S. M. (2022). Assessing the Sustainable Livelihood Levels of Rural Communities (Case Study: Oramanat Tourist Area). Journal of Rural Research, 13(2), 332-347. https://doi.org/10.22059/jrur.2022.333541.1695
  30. Moussavi Neghabi, S. M., Hosseini, S. , & Moshiri Langroudi, N. (2021). The Effect of Film Nostalgia on Visiting Tourist Attractions (Case Study: “What's The Time in Your World?” Film). Tourism Management Studies, 16(56), 173-209. https://doi.org/10.22054/tms.2021.61203.2547
  31. Movahedi, R., & Amiri, F. (2023). Effects of Tourism on Rural Employment (Case Study: Varkāneh Village of Hamedan County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 12(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v12i4.2304-1078
  32. Mtapuri, O., Camilleri, M. A., & Dłużewska, A. (2022). Advancing community-based tourism approaches for the sustainable development of destinations. Sustainable Development, 30(3), 423-432. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2257
  33. Najjarzadeh, M., Jafari, S., Jafari, N., & Rajabi, N. (2018). Tourist Behavioral Intentions in Conservation of Environment, Environmental Knowledge, Tourist Satisfaction, Environmental Attitude, Perceived Benefit. Journals of Environmental Education and Sustainable Development, 7(1), 127-142. https://doi.org/https://org/10.30473/ee.2018.5064
  34. Nasiri Hendehkhaleh, E., Amir Entekhabi, S., Esmaeili, F., & Yonesi Sandi, R. (2022). The Impact of the Second Homes on the Physical and Economic Development of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Hendeh Khaleh Rural District in Someh Sara County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 11(2), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v11i2.2111.1032
  35. Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis:Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1609406917733847. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
  36. Parvaresh, H., & Beyrami Bastam, L. (2020). Proposing and Prioritizing the Solutions for Sustainable Tourism in Geno Protected Area. GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL OF TOURISM SPACE, 9(36), 37-54. https://doi.org/https://sid.ir/paper/371327/en
  37. Pegler, G. F., de Lemos, C. C., & Ranieri, V. E. L. (2025). Exploring the application of environmental impact assessment to tourism and recreation in protected areas: a systematic literature review. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(7), 15053-15075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-04532-6
  38. Pérez-Calderón, E., Miguel-Barrado, V., & Prieto-Ballester, J. M. (2024). Tourism in Protected Areas in Spain: Perception of Sustainable Development in Protected Areas with Different Levels of Protection. Geoheritage, 16(1), 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-024-00929-x
  39. Piñeiro-Chousa, J., López-Cabarcos, M. Á., Romero-Castro, N., & Vázquez-Rodríguez, P. (2021). Sustainable tourism entrepreneurship in protected areas. A real options assessment of alternative management options. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 33(3-4), 249-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2021.1872937
  40. Ramaano, A. I. (2023). Alternative ecotourism perspectives within the protected conservation sites and farming communities amid environmental degradation and climate change-bound rural exercises. Forestry Economics Review, 5(1), 77-104. https://doi.org/10.1108/FER-11-2022-0011
  41. Ramaano, A. I. (2024). Environmental consequences and climate change linked ecotourism activities in remote and protected areas of South Africa. Rural Society, 33(2), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2024.2368301
  42. Rastegar, R., Breakey, N., Driml, S., & Ruhanen, L. (2024). Does tourism development shift residents’ attitudes to the environment and protected area management? Tourism Recreation Research, 49(5), 921-937. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2022.2106100
  43. Rezaei, P. (2019). Assessing the Rural Tourism Sustainability: A Case Study of Horeh Sub-district in Chahar-Mahal and Bakhtiyari Province of Iran. Village and Development, 21(4), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.30490/rvt.2019.85229
  44. Ruggerio, C. A. (2021). Sustainability and sustainable development: A review of principles and definitions. Science of The Total Environment, 786, 147481. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147481
  45. Saputro, K. E. A., Hasim, Karlinasari, L., & Beik, I. S. (2023). Evaluation of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development with an Integrated Approach Using MDS and ANP Methods: Case Study in Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia. Sustainability, 15(3), 1835. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/3/1835
  46. Satumanatpan, S., Senawongse, P., Thansuporn, W., & Kirkman, H. (2014). Enhancing management effectiveness of environmental protected areas, Thailand. Ocean & Coastal Management, 89, 1-10. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.12.001
  47. Sezerel, H., & Karagoz, D. (2023). The Challenges of Sustainable Tourism Development in Special Environmental Protected Areas: Local Resident Perceptions in Datça-Bozburun. Sustainability, 15(4), 3364. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/4/3364
  48. Shafieisabet, N., & Haratifard, S. (2019). Community-Based Tourism: An Approach for Sustainable Rural Development (Case Study: Asara district, Chalous Road). journal of sustainable rural development, 3(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.32598/jsrd.02.02.30
  49. Singh, A. S., Parahoo, S. K., Ayyagari, M., & Juwaheer, T. D. (2023). Conclusion: how could rural tourism provide better support for well-being and socioeconomic development? Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 15(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-09-2022-0108
  50. Sobhani, P., Esmaeilzadeh, H., & Barghjelveh, S. (2024). Negative impacts of ecotourism activities on protected areas and providing optimal strategies (Case study: Protected areas of Tehran Province). Journal of Natural Environment, 76(Special Issue Protected Areas), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.22059/jne.2023.360712561
  51. Sobhani, P., Esmaeilzadeh, H., Sadeghi, S. M. M., & Marcu, M. V. (2022). Estimation of Ecotourism Carrying Capacity for Sustainable Development of Protected Areas in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1 https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031059
  52. Sobhani, P., Sayahnia, R., Mahmoodi, H., & Esmaeilzade, H. (2019). Estimation of the tourism carrying capacity in protect areas(Case study: Alvand No-Hunting Area). . Journal of Tourism Planning and Development, 8(30), 51-64. https://doi.org/https://www.doi.org/10.22080/jtpd.2019.16240.3037
  53. Soleimani, S., & Momeni, S. (2022). Agritourism: A Strategy in the Tourism Sustainable Development of Rural Communities (Case Study: Dulab Village, Kurdistan, Iran). journal of sustainable rural development, 6(2), 225-236. https://www.jsrd.ir/article_169069_899b86dc04b884d34947021bf2154273.pdf
  54. Soltani Moqadas, R., & Taleshi, M. (2020). The Collaboration of Tourism in Rural Sustainability (Case Study: Gelan Rural Region, Amol County). Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 9(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.22067/jrrp.v9i3.82609
  55. Sorrell, E., & Plante, A. F. (2021). Dilemmas of Nature-Based Tourism in Iceland. Case Studies in the Environment, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/cse.2021.964514
  56. Stojanović, T., Trišić, I., Brđanin, E., Štetić, S., Nechita, F., & Candrea, A. N. (2024). Natural and Sociocultural Values of a Tourism Destination in the Function of Sustainable Tourism Development—An Example of a Protected Sustainability, 16(2), 759. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/2/759
  57. Tajer, E., & Demir, S. (2024). Ecotourism branding in protected areas of Iran: Using an efficient hybrid multi-criteria decision-making method model. International Journal of Tourism Research, 26(1), e2639. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2639
  58. Talebifard, R., Maleki, S., Alibakhshi, A., & Hosseini Shapariyan, N. (2021). Evaluating the Economic and Social Effects of Tourism on Tourist Attractive Villages of Izeh and Baghmalek Counties. Journal of Research and Rural Planning, 10(3), 21-37. https://doi.org/10.22067/JRRP.V10I3.85937
  59. Tang, M., & Xu, H. (2023). Cultural Integration and Rural Tourism Development: A Scoping Literature Review. Tourism and Hospitality, 4(1), 75-90. https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5768/4/1/6
  60. Thapa, K., King, D., Banhalmi-Zakar, Z., & Diedrich, A. (2022). Nature-based tourism in protected areas: a systematic review of socio-economic benefits and costs to local people. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology, 29(7), 625-640. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2022.2073616
  61. Widawski, K., Krzemińska, A., Zaręba, A., & Dzikowska, A. (2023). A Sustainable Approach to Tourism Development in Rural Areas: The Example of Agriculture, 13(10), 2028. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/10/2028
  62. Xu, L., Ao, C., Liu, B., & Cai, Z. (2023). Ecotourism and sustainable development: a scientometric review of global research trends. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(4), 2977-3003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02190-0
  63. Yousefi, M., Nezami, B., Adibi, M. A., Geray, A., & Ataei, F. (2023). Reptile richness in Touran Biosphere Reserve, Semnan province. Experimental animal Biology, 12(1), 77-85. https://doi.org/10.30473/2023.59681.1838
  64. Zargham, H., & Asadi zarch, M. (2024). The future research of rural tourism destinations is a key element of sustainable tourism development in Yazd province. (Case study: Saryazd village). Journal of Rural Research, -. https://org/10.22059/jrur.2024.360580.1843
  65. Zhang, X., Zhong, L., & Yu, H. (2022). Sustainability assessment of tourism in protected areas: A relational perspective. Global Ecology and Conservation, 35, e02074. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02074
آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 8,968
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 166


سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. قدرت گرفته از سیناوب