مهاجرت کمکی و اصلاح مرز مناطق حفاظت شده به عنوان استراتژی‌های سازگاری با اقلیم جهت حمایت از بقاء خزندگان TSD (درس‌هایی از Crocodylus palustris)

جغرافیا و مخاطرات محیطی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 19 شهریور 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/geoeh.2025.94244.1592

نویسندگان

ملیحه عرفانی^{* 1}؛ عبدالرسول سلمان ماهینی²

¹گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه محیط زیست، دانشکدة شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

تغییرات اقلیمی تأثیرات شدیدی بر اکوسیستم‌های آبی و گونه‌های وابسته، به‌ویژه خزندگان با تعیین جنسیت وابسته به دما (TDS) خواهد داشت. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی امکان مهاجرت کمکی و اصلاح مرز مناطق حفاظت شده جهت حمایت از بقاء گونه تمساح مردابی (Crocodylus palustris Lesson, 1831) تحت تاثیر تغییرات اقلیم انجام شد. به این منظور تغییرات گستره مطلوب زیستگاه گونه تحت سناریوهای تغییر اقلیم ‏تا سال 2070‏ جهت شناسایی پناهگاه‌های اقلیمی پیش‌بینی شد. نتایج مدل‌سازی نشان داد که بخشی از منطقه حفاظت شده گاندو در سناریوی RCP2.6 و تمام آن در سایر سناریوها در خارج از محدوده مطلوب زیستگاهی قرار خواهد گرفت. همچنین سایر مناطق حفاظت شده نیز در محدوده‌های مطلوب زیستگاهی قرار نخواهند داشت. بنابراین با اتکا به مدیریت مناطق حفاظت شده نمی‌توان به حفاظت از این گونه پرداخت. از این رو اقدامات مدیریتی جهت مهاجرت کمکی این گونه ضروری است. در این رابطه مرز اصلاحی پیشنهادی برای منطقه حفاظت شده گاندو بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده شامل: پناهگاه‌های اقلیمی، مناطق بحرانی جمعیت و مناطق با تعارض‏ تمساح/انسان و توجه به مرزهای طبیعی زیرحوزه‌های آبخیز پیشنهاد گردید. همچنین پلات‌های دائمی جهت پایش جمعیت تمساح مردابی و اولویت‌بندی انجام مطالعات امکان‌سنجی انتقال گونه به زیستگاه‌های جدید نیز نقشه‌سازی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پناهگاه اقلیمی؛ حفاظت؛ ریسک انقراض؛ تعارض تمساح/انسان؛ بازسازی

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