تحلیلی بر اقتصاد سیاسی قواعد اساسی و نسبت آن با گفتمان حقوقی: تبیین تمایز مفاهیم بنیادین در چهارچوب مطالعات میان‌رشته‌ای

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

دوره 32، شماره 27، شهریور 1404، صفحه 153-173   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/economlaw.2025.93339.1452

نویسندگان

امیرحسین بامتی طوسی^{* 1}؛ مصطفی منصوریان²؛ محمد برزگر خسروی³

¹دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد حقوق عمومی، دانشگاه علوم قضائی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران

²استادیار، گروه حقوق عمومی و بین‌الملل، دانشگاه علوم قضائی و خدمات اداری، تهران، ایران

³استادیار، گروه حقوق اقتصادی، مرکز پژوهش‏های مجلس شورای اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اقتصاد سیاسی قواعد اساسی، رهیافتی نظری و میان‌رشته‌ای است که در پی تبیین ماهیت و کارکرد الگوهای متنوع و بدیل حقوقی است که از جایگاه بنیادین در نظم نهادی جوامع برخوردارند. این قلمرو معرفتی، از یک‌سو با دانش حقوق اساسی ارتباطی تنگاتنگ و ساختاری دارد و از سوی دیگر، با بهره‌گیری از ابزارهای تحلیلی و ظرفیت‌های مفهومی علم اقتصاد، می‌کوشد سازوکارهای انگیزشی نهادها را واکاوی کرده و چهارچوبی منسجم و اثربخش برای طراحی و تنظیم قواعد حاکم بر رفتارهای اقتصادی و سیاسی ارائه نماید. در این مقاله، مفاهیم بنیادین این رهیافت مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته و نسبت آن با گفتمان حقوقی بررسی می‌شود. از این رو، در گام نخست، اقتصاد سیاسی قواعد اساسی به‌مثابۀ یک رهیافت علمی صورت‌بندی مفهومی می‌شود و سپس مفاهیم بنیادین آن یعنی «اقتصاد سیاسی»، «قواعد اساسی» و «قانون اساسی» به‌صورت مبسوط مورد تحلیل قرار می‌گیرند. تمرکز اصلی پژوهش بر تبیین تمایزات نظری، مفهومی و روش‌شناختی میان این رهیافت و علم حقوق است. این مقاله با اتخاذ رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی نشان می‌دهد که تلقی این رهیافت از مفاهیمی چون قاعدۀ اساسی و قانون اساسی به‌رغم اشتراکاتی که با قرائت حقوقی رایج دارد، واجد تفاوت‌هایی اساسی در مبانی نظری است. این نوشتار نخستین گام برای گفت‌وگوی مفهومی میان این دو دستگاه نظری محسوب می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

اقتصاد سیاسی قانون اساسی؛ اقتصاد قانون اساسی؛ تحلیل اقتصادی قانون اساسی؛ حقوق و اقتصاد

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