مدل‌های تبخیر و تعرق در کشت‌های گلخانه‌ای: تحلیل داده‌ها و روش‌ها

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 14، دوره 12، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 36، شهریور 1404، صفحه 193-215   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v12i2.2502-1403

نویسندگان

امید رجا^{* 1}؛ مسعود پارسی نژاد²؛ افشین خورسند¹؛ بهداد چهره نگار³

¹موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

²گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

³دانشگاه ملی سنگاپور، سنگاپور

چکیده

برآورد دقیق تبخیر و تعرق در گلخانه‏‌ها برای استفاده بهینه از منابع آب و برنامه‌‏ریزی دقیق آبیاری که منجر به بهبود راندمان مصرف آب می‌‏شود، اهمیت بالایی دارد. مدل‌های تجربی و فیزیکی متعددی به‏‌طور گسترده برای تخمین نرخ تبخیر و تعرق بر اساس داده‌های آب و هوایی استفاده می‌شوند. در این پژوهش ارتباط بین فناوری گلخانه‌‏ها و مدل‏‌های برآورد تبخیر تعرق مرجع (ET₀) یا مدل‌‏های برآورد تبخیر تعرق گیاه کشت شده (ET_c) تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. همچنین دسته‌بندی گلخانه‌ها، تجهیزاتی که معمولاً استفاده می‌شوند و داده‌های جمع‌آوری‌ شده برای اندازه‌گیری‌های ET₀ و ET_c در این پژوهش بررسی شدند. به‏‌طورکلی این بررسی با هدف ارزیابی و خلاصه کردن مدل‌های ET₀ و ET_c موجود حال حاضر و مورد استفاده در دسته‌های مختلف گلخانه‌ای و ارزیابی سطح دقت مدل‏‌های پرکاربرد در برآورد ET₀ و ET_c انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد معادله پنمن- مانتیث FAO 56 بهترین عملکرد را در بین همه مدل‌ها به همراه دارد و می‌توان آن را به‏‌عنوان بهترین روش برای تخمین ET_o در گلخانه‌های پلاستیکی با فناوری پایین دانست که به‌‏طور گسترده در ایران استفاده می‌شوند. اگر مدل‌های ET_c گلخانه‌ای کاربر پسندتر و در دسترس‌تر شوند، احتمال یا شانس انتشار سریع و پذیرش پیشرفت‌ها در فناوری تخمین ET_c توسط یک جامعه بزرگ‌تر تولیدکنندگان محصولات گلخانه‌ای، افزایش می‌یابد. در بررسی اجمالی ارائه شده در این مطالعه، ارتباط بین فناوری‎‌های گلخانه‌ای و مدل‌های ET₀ و ET_c برجسته شدند. همچنین بررسی‏‌ها نشان داد دانش و روش‌های موجود در اندازه‌گیری‌های ET_c می‌توانند به‌‏طور مطلوب پایداری کشاورزی گلخانه‌ای را افزایش دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

پنمن- مانتیث فائو 56؛ تبخیر تعرق گیاه؛ تبخیر تعرق مرجع؛ فناوری؛ نیاز آبی

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