کانه‌ زایی اپی‌ ترمال طلای نوع سولفیداسیون پایین در کانسار تیکمه‌ داش 2 (جنوب‌ شرق بستان‌ آباد): شواهد زمین‌ شناسی، کانه‌ زایی، زمین‌ شیمی و میان‌ بارهای سیال

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 45، 1404، صفحه 147-189   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.2025.1147

نویسندگان

حمید هاشم‌ پور¹؛ حسین کوهستانی^{* 2}؛ میر علی اصغر مختاری²؛ غفور علوی³

¹کارشناسی ‌ارشد، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²دانشیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

³استادیار، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

کانسار طلای تیکمه‌داش 2 بخشی از زیرپهنه فلززایی میانه- بستان‌آباد است. کانه‌زایی طلا به ‌صورت رگه‌های‌ سیلیسی منگنز و طلادار درون توالی آتشفشانی- رسوبی ائوسن و میوسن رخ‌داده است. رگه‌های کانه‌دار دارای امتداد شمال‌شرقی- جنوب‌غربی با شیب 65 تا 80 درجه به سمت شمال‌غرب هستند. رگه‌ها دارای 30 تا 500 متر درازا و 1/0 تا 5 متر ضخامت هستند. عیار طلا بین کمتر از 1 گرم در تن تا 88 گرم در تن متغیر است. پیریت، کالکوپیریت، گالن، اسفالریت (غنی از آهن)، طلای آزاد، آرسنوپیریت، تنانتیت- تتراهدریت، پیرولوسیت اولیه و پسیلوملان، مواد معدنی و کوارتز، کلسیت و باریت کانی‌های باطله هستند. گوتیت، مالاکیت، پیرولوسیت ثانویه و بروانیت در نتیجه فرایندهای برون‌زاد تشکیل شده‌اند. بافت کانسنگ شامل رگه- رگچه‌ای، بِرشی، شانه‌ای، کاکلی، پرمانند، دانه‌پراکنده، قشرگون، گل‌کلمی، تیغه‌ای و پُرکننده فضای خالی است. شش مرحله کانی‌سازی در تیکمه‌داش 2 قابل تفکیک است که کانه‌زایی طلا در مرحله دوم رخ‌داده است. دگرسانی‌های گرمابی شامل سیلیسی، کربناتی، آرژیلیک حدواسط و پروپیلیتیک هستند. بررسی‌های زمین‌شیمی بیانگر همبستگی مثبت ضعیف فلزهای پایه با طلا و همبستگی مثبت ضعیف تا متوسط طلا با آرسنیک، آنتیموان و نقره است. داده‌های ریزدماسنجی میان‌بارهای سیال نشان می‌دهد، سیالات مسئول کانه‌زایی یک سامانه H₂O-NaCl با دمای بالا تا متوسط (224 تا 292 درجه سانتی‌گراد) و شوری متوسط تا پایین (7/0 تا 4/13 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام) هستند. بر اساس این داده‌ها، روند تکامل سیال کانه‌ساز با فرایندهای اختلاط و جوشش سیالات همخوانی دارد. ویژگی‌های کانه‌زایی طلا در کانسار تیکمه‌داش 2 با کانسارهای اپی‌ترمال نوع سولفیداسیون پایین قابل مقایسه است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

کانه‌ زایی طلا؛ اپی‌ ترمال؛ سولفیداسیون پایین؛ تیکمه‌ داش؛ زیرپهنه میانه- بستان‌ آباد

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