تعیین منشأ و ارزیابی آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمّی در غبار برجا معدن آهن چادرملو، بافق، شمال-شرق یزد

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 09 مهر 1404   

نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/econg.2025.1141

نویسندگان

شیوا مهربانی¹؛ محمد معانی جو^{* 2}؛ افشین قشلاقی³؛ یوریکو یوکو⁴

¹دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

²استاد، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

³استادیار، گروه زمین‌‌شناسی زیست محیطی و آب‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

⁴استادیار، گروه علوم سیستم های محیطی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی، دانشگاه دوشیشا، کیوتو، ژاپن

چکیده

در این پژوهش، غلظت عناصر بالقوه سمّی در ۱۳ نمونه غبار برجا در معدن آهن چادرملو واقع در ۱۸۰ کیلومتری شمال­ شرق شهرستان یزد ارزیابی‌شد. برای بررسی شدت آلودگی ذرات غبار از ضریب زمین­انباشت، شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی، شاخص آلودگی نمرو، ضریب غنی­ شدگی و شاخص خطر سلامت استفاده شد. بر اساس ضریب زمین ­انباشت،  نمونه­ های غبار نسبت به عناصر کروم، منگنز،کبالت، نیکل، مس، روی، آرسنیک، قلع، سرب و وانادیوم دارای آلودگی خیلی شدید و نسبت به مولیبدن دارای آلودگی متوسط تا شدید هستند. شاخص خطر اکولوژیکی رده خطر بسیار زیاد را برای عنصر آرسنیک نشان می­ دهد. نتایج شاخص آلودگی نمرو بیانگر آلودگی شدید عناصر مولیبدن، مس، روی، آرسنیک، قلع و وانادیوم و آلودگی متوسط عناصر سرب، نیکل و کبالت است. نتایج ضریب غنی­ شدگی در نمونه ­ها کمترین غنی ­شدگی را برای عناصر مورد بررسی نشان می ­دهند. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از ارزیابی خطر سلامتی، بیشترین مقدار ضریب خطر غیر­سرطان ­زایی برای عناصر آرسنیک و کروم و از طریق مسیر بلعیدن به دست آمد. میزان خطر غیر سرطان ­زایی همه عناصر مورد بررسی، از طریق مسیر تنفسی و تماس پوستی کمتر از ۱ تخمین‌زده شد و لذا نشان‌دهنده نبود اثر منفی بر سلامت افراد است. خطر سرطان­ زایی در بزرگسالان و خردسالان نیز برای عنصر آرسنیک از مسیر بلعیدن وجود دارد و برای عنصر کروم، از طریق مسیر بلع برای خردسالان دارای خطر سرطان ­زایی است. نتایج تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی نشان‌داد که عناصر کبالت، نیکل، مولیبدن، وانادیوم و قلع دارای منشأ زمین  ­زاد و سایر عناصر از منابع انسان­زاد مانند فعالیت ­های معدنی و فراوری منشأ گرفته ­اند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عناصر بالقوه سمّی؛ غبار برجا؛ معدن چادرملو؛ بافق

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