Mineralization model for Chahar Gonbad copper-gold deposit (Sirjan), using mineralogical, alteration and geochemical data and multivariate statistical methods

زمین شناسی اقتصادی

Article 6, Volume 4, Issue 1 - Serial Number 6, June 2012, Pages 135-153   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/econg.v4i1.13397

Authors

Seyyed Jabber Yousefi^* ; Abbas Moradian

Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman

Abstract

The study area is located in southeastern Iran, about 110 km southwest of Kerman. Geologically, the area is composed of ophiolitic rocks, volcanic rocks, intrusive bodies and sedimentary rocks. Vein mineralization within andesite, andesitic basalt, andesitic tuffs occurred along the Chahar Gonbad fault. Sulfide mineralization in the ore deposit has taken place as dissemination, veins and veinlets in which pyrite and chalcopyrite are the most important ores. In this area, argillic, phyllic and propylitic alteration types are observed. Such elements as Au, Bi, Cu, S and Se are more enriched than others and the enrichment factors for these elements in comparison with background concentration are 321, 503, 393, 703 and 208, and with respect to Clark concentration are 401, 222, 532, 101 and 156, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, three major mineralization phases are recognized in the deposit. During the first phase, hydrothermal calcite veins are enriched in As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Ca, the second phase is manifested by the enrichment of sulfide veins in Cu, Au, Ag, Bi, Fe and S and the third phase mineralization includes Ni, Mn, Se and Sb as an intermediate level between the two previous phases.

Keywords

Mineralization model; Au-Cu deposit; Alteration; Geochemistry; Chahar Gonbad; Sirjan

References

[1] Hassanzadeh J., "Metallogenic and tectono-magmatic events in SE sector of the Cenozoic active continental margin of center Iran (Shahr e Babak, Kerman province) ", ph.D thesis, University of California, (1993) 201.

[2] Foester H., "Mesozoic-Cenozoic metallogenesis in Iran", Journal of the Geological Society of London 135 (1978) 443-455.

[3] Berberian M., King G. C. P., "Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran", Canadian Journal of Earth sciences 18 (1981) 210-265.

[4] Aftabi A., Atapour H., "Regional aspects of shoshonitic volcanism in Iran", Episodes, 23 (2000) 119-125.

[5] تقی پور ن.، آفتابی ع.، رمضانی م. ر.، "بررسی هاله های دگرسانی- کانه زایی و الگوی پراکندگی مس، مولیبدن، طلا و نقره در کانسار مس پورفیری میدوک، شهربابک، کرمان". مجله علوم زمین، شماره 72 (1388) ص 45 تا 54.

[6] Shahabpour J., Kramers J. D., "Lead isotope data from the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit, Iran ", Mineralium Deposita 22 (1987) 275–281.

[7] یوسفی شریک آباد س. ج.، "بررسی اثرات زیست محیطی عناصر سمی در محدوده معدنی مس- طلا چهارگنبد، سیرجان"، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد (1390) 284 ص.

[8] Sjerp N., Issakhanian V., Brants A., "The Geological Environment of the ChaharGonbad Copper Mine: A Study in Tertiary Copper

Mineralization", Geological Survey of Iran, Report 16 (1969) 64.

[9] Kaiser H. F., "The application of electronic computers to factor analysis", Education Psychology, 20 (1960) 141-151.

[10] Khorasanipour M., Tangestani M., "Application of multivariate statistical methods to indicate the origin and geochemical behavior of potentially hazardous elements in sediments around the Sarcheshmeh copper mine, SE Iran," Environmental Earth Science, (2011) 1-17.

[11] Gilmour p., "Grades of the porphyry copper deposits of southwestern North America", University of Arizona Press (1982) 736.

[12] Lowell J. D., Guilbert J. M., "Lateral and vertical alteration mineralization zoning in porphyry ore deposits", Economical Geology 65 (1970) 373-408.

[13] McMillan W. J., Panteleyev A., "Porphyry copper deposits, in Roberts, R. G., and Sheahan, P.A., (EDS) ", Geoscience Canada, 3 (1988) 194.

[14] Beane R. E., Titly S. R., "porphyry copper deposits: part II: Hydrothermal alteration and mineralization", Economic Geology, 75 (1981) 214-269.

[15] Sillito R. H., "the tops and bottoms of porphyry copper deposits" Economical Geology, 65 (1973) 799-815.

[16] Rollinson H. R., "Using geochemical data: evolution, presentation", interpretation, London, UK, (1993) 652.

[17] Barnes H. L., "Geochemistry of hydrothermal ore deposits", third, New York, John Wiley and Sons, (1997) 797.

[18] Eby G. N., "Principles of Environmental Geochemistry", University of Massachusettes, Lowel, (2004) 515.

[19] Burkhard M., "Calcite twins, their geometry, appearance and significance as stress-strain markers and indicators of tectonic regime: a review", Journal of Struatural Geology, 15 (1993) 351-368.

[20] White N. C., Hedenquist J., "Epithermal gold deposits: Styles, characteristics and exploration", published in SEG Newsltter, 23 (1995) 9-13.