Prioritizing Sustainable Security Strategies in Borderline Areas Case Study: Kurdistan Province

پژوهش ‎های جغرافیای سیاسی

Article 3, Volume 1, Issue 2, March 2017, Pages 55-77   

Document Type: مقالات علمی -پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/pg.v1i2.43204

Authors

Mirnajaf Mousavi^{* 1}; Mohammad Waysian²; Hakimeh Halifipour³

¹University of Urmia

²Kharazmi University

³Isfahan University of Technology

Abstract

Extended Abstract
1. INTRODUCTION
A spatial inequality between different geographical areas is the most important factors threatening the security of a society. These developmental inequalities deepen the political, economic and social gaps. A Border are a in each country has certain characteristics that differ substantially from the hinterland. Border areas of the country encounter many problems including: lack of inhabitants, migration of frontiersmen, separation from the country's development and sustainable security and in this regard, border areas are of particular importance. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct scientific studies, and arrange and prioritize decisions by developing strategies and efficient development programs in terms of spatial planning in border areas.
2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Preparation of the border areas is a kind of planning which links development with security and defense of the requirements of the border regions within the framework of these areas, and introduces strategies for development of the border areas in which security and development are interdependent. According to the previous studies, security and development in the border areas have a high correlation coefficient with a direct and reciprocal relationship, so that each taken step in the process of development has its own direct impact on the realization of security and vice versa. Therefore, areas with high indices of development will enjoy higher security coefficients than the developed regions. In this regard, the following four attitudes are inferred: a) attitude of prioritizing security to development; b) the attitude of prioritizing development to security; c) attitude of prioritizing mutual understanding of development and security; d) attitude of prioritizing distinction between development and security in practical field.
3. METHODOLOGY
The present research methodology is descriptive- analytic and survey method (based on questionnaire) in the form of a Likertte scale. The statistical population of this study consisted of two groups: 1) the first group university instructors and M.A students of political geography and politics science and 2) the second group security experts of the province35.people were selected by the snowball sampling. In this study the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of sustainable security in the region were studied, identified, and analyzed using the SWOT model. Finally, with regard to the current situation of QSPM, prioritization of the strategy suitable for preparation of the border areas was identified.
4. DISCUSSION
In order to provide proper sustainable security strategies in preparation of the border areas of Kurdistan Province, knowing quad-factors of SWOT model is inevitable to eliminate the weaknesses and threats and improve the strengths and opportunities. 10 domestic strengths, 10 domestic weaknesses, 7 opportunities, and 7 threats were identified as the factors affecting the development of sustainable security. The weighted score of the internal factors (2/79) which was greater than 2/5 represents the priority of the strengths on the weak nesses in terms of development of sustainable security in the province. The most important strengths include the "presence of educated people and native professionals in the province" and "formation of comprehensive policy of provincial public security." The most significant weaknesses are "widespread illegal traffic" and "increasing trafficking and its negative feedback on security." The weighted score of the external factors (2/66) that was greater than 2/5 shows the priority of the opportunities on the threats in the development of sustainable security in Kurdistan. The results shown in the table show that the most important opportunity and threat were "paying special attention to the issue of security on the borders of Kurdistan" and “the threat of the American and NATO military presence in the vicinity of the borders of Kurdistan”.
5. CONCLUSION
The results showed that the development of the sustainable security in Kurdistan province follows an aggressive pattern or (SO). According to this definition, it is vital to choose strategies of using the strengths to take better advantage of the opportunities, and achieve sustainable development of security. The results of prioritizing these strategies show that among the modified strategies, the highest and the lowest rates of attraction belonged to optimal preparation of the police force to deal with possible insecurities (6/65) and Strategy bandits and attacking the smugglers and gangsters of the province (5/15), respectively. However, the authorities are required to strengthen other strategies as well to build sustainable development both in the field of sustainable security in the border areas development and in other sectors- economic, socio-cultural, and political, since individual consideration of these factors cannot provide the preparation of the border areas.

Keywords

Land use planning; Strategy; Security Sustainable Development; Kurdistan province

References

Adami, A., Khezrian, M., Abaszadeh, H., & Yazdanpanah, M. (2013). Necessities of transition to sustained national security, Political Knowlwdge, 7(14), 5-27. [in persian]

Ahmad Pur, Z., Mojtarihashi, H., Roknaldineftekhari, A., &Vazin, N. (2007). Study of the pace of development of political - administrative spaces in Iran case study of Iran’s provinces in the1st to 3rd development plans(1989-2004), Quarterly Geopolitics, 3(1), 22-49. [in persian]

Alai, H. (2012). Sustainable security in the document landscape twenty-year-old Islamic Republic of Iran., Journal of Defense Strategy, 39, 1-34.[in persian]

Andalib, A., & Matuf, S. (2009). Development and security in the border areas of planning. Bagh-E- Nazar Journal, 6(12), 57-76. [in persian]

Ebrahimzadeh, I., Mousavi, M. N., & Kzemizad, S. (2012). Spatial analysis of regional disparities between the central and border areas of Iran. Quarterly Geopolitics, 8(1), 214-235. [in persian]

Ettaat, J., & Mousavi, Z. (2011).The relationship between regional security and development political space case study Sistan and Baluchestan Provinces in Iran. Quarterly Geopolitics, 7(1), 70-87. [in persian]

Ezzati, N., Haedaripur, A., & Aegbali, N. (2011).The role of planning in the border area planning system (Case study: Iranian border areas). Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 3(4),197-179. [in persian]

Gaderi, M., & Nosrati, H. (2013). Cyberspace, governance and security challenges of sustainable. Geography Law Journal, 1(2), 93-118. [in persian]

Ghaderi, M., Abdi, E., Jalili, Z., & Baghri, N. (2010). Explanation of the role of border markets in sustainable development: A case study of South Khorasan border market. Quarterly Geopolitics, 6(3),121-151. [in persian]

Ghanbari, H., & Roostaei, S. (2013). Evaluation priorities in planning and spatial planning of border areas in East Azarbaijan using network analysis process (ANP). Town and Country Planning, 5(2), 335-360.[in persian]

Ghasemi, M. (2009).The role of the media in promoting national integration and sustainable security (With emphasis onconvergencefrontierWest Azarbaijan). Discipline and Security Law, 3,149-178. [in persian]

Hedaeti, A., & Abasi, E. (2009). Scientific management is the focus of tumor mass using a geographic information system GIS: Case study of crime of robbery in the city of Qazvin. Police Management Studies, 2, 177-198. [in persian]

Heydari, S. A., Saeedi, N., BayramiLatran, E., & Lesani, P. (2012). Formulation and categorizing Iran Behnoosh Co. strategies: A fuzzy approach. New Marketing Research Journal, 2(3), 135-154. [in persian]

Karimi, M., &Vafaei, A. (2014). Security by sustainable development in the border areas (Case study Marivan). Quarterly Research and Urban Planning, 4(15), 95-112. [in persian]

MokhtariHashi, H., Momeni, M., & Bagheri, M. (2014). The preparation of spatial planning strategies for border areas (Case Study: Eastern borders of Iran). GeographicalResearch, 29(114), 237-254. [in persian]

Momeni, A. (2011). Model and describe the principles of public security (social). Quarterly Societal Security Studies, 28, 33-54.[in persian]

Mousavi, M. N., Manochehri, A., & Adebnia, Z. (2014). Role border and ethnicityin the urban areas of study: Azerbaijan province. Quarterly Geopolitics, 10(3), 190-210. [in persian]

Mousavi, M. N., Zangiabadi, A.,Taghvai, M., Varese, H., & Ziari, K. (2010). Analyzing spatial structure of frontier cities in Western Azarbaijan through multi-variety statistical analysis and neural networks. Human Geogrphy Research Quarterly, 71,107-121. [in persian]

Naybpour, M.,Waysian, M., Asgari, A., & Sarani, S. (2013). Strategic planning for tourism development in the border provinces using SWOT technique (Case study: Kurdestanprovince). Journal of Border Science and Technology, 4(3), 7-30. [in persian]

Nami, M. (2012). Spatial planning in border areas, with an emphasis on Iran. Quarterly Journal of Human Geography, 5(1),173-191. [in persian]

Pirali, A., &Seadat, S. (2013). Police strategic development of sustainable security measures in the southeastern borders (Case study: Sistan and Baluchistan). Journal of Border Studies, 1(1), 103-126. [in persian]

Pishgahifard, Z., & Ahmadi, F. (2010). Assessment of national security threats in northern regions North border of the Iran. Amayesh Geographical Journal, 3(9), 53-77. [in persian]

Preble, J. (1988). The environmental scanning practice of U.S. multinationals in the late 1980s. Management International Review, 28(4), 4-14.

Sedaiimogadam, A., &Hedatimogadam, Z. (2010). Security role in tourism development. Journal ofSocial Sciences, 4(8), 97-110. [in persian]

Statistical Center of Iran. (2011). http://www.amar.org.ir/

Zabihi, H., Larimian, T., & Poorani, H. (2013). Developing an analytical model to increase urban security from the secured perspective by designing (SBD) approach using fuzzy AHP method (Case study: Region 17 of Tehran). Urban Regional Studies and Research Journal, 5(17), 119-136. [in persian]

Zarabadi, Z. S., Kaleji, M.,Vazefehshenas, R., & Fathi, M. (2013). Planning strategies in assessing the border regions based on SWOT-ANP (Case study: Border area between Iran and Turkey). Proceeding of the Third International Conference on Environmental Planning and Management (pp.1-12). Tehran: Tehran University.[in persian]