Agreement of the two Perspectives of Principality of Essence and Principality of Existence in the Theory of Phenomenology of Meaning

جستارهایی در فلسفه و کلام

Article 4, Volume 40, Issue 2 - Serial Number 81, November 2008, Pages 102-128   

Document Type: Original Article

DOI: 10.22067/philosophy.v40i2.3172

Author

Abbās Jawārishkiyān^*

Abstract

Despite the fact that in classical Islamic philosophy, the discussions concerning the principality and mentally-positedness of existence and essence and epistemology have so far been regarded as two divergent and separate discourses, it is tried in this paper to stress the quite pivotal role of the epistemological viewpoint in adopting any of the two perspectives of the principality of existence or principality of essence through elucidating the fundamental and authentic relatedness of these two areas. In the first part of the paper, after unveiling the correlation between the supposition of essentialism and the conventional inference from science – i.e., belief in essential tautology – and statement of the incompatibility of the supposition of principality of essence with such inference and belief, especially the explication of the futility of the presented solutions in solving the doubts (shubhas) of mental existence, it is proven that adopting a new inference and pattern in knowledge (ma‘rifa) is necessary. In the next part, then, with a deliberation on the meaning of essence (māhiyya) and the essence of meaning, the dual, relational, and apparent reality of science is rationally explicated and analyzed. According to this new approach to the reality of science, which is rubricated as the theory of phenomenology of meaning, the divergence supposed to exist between principality of essence and principality of existence is refuted and admission to the principality of both is accepted. In the final part of the paper, the age-old problem of unity and multiplicity is dealt with and it is attempted, based on the theory of phenomenology of meaning, to uncover the hidden mystery of the horizontal multiplicity and semantic contradictions and to give befitting answers to the problems of mental existence.

Keywords

principality of existence: principality of essence: mental existence: relevance of object and subject: phenomenology of meaning

References

ابن سینا، حسین؛ الاشارات و التنبیهات، به اهتمام محمود شهابی، تهران: دانشگاه تهران، 1339.

ابن سینا، حسین؛ التعلیقات، تحقیق  عبدالرحمن بدوی، قم: دفتر تبلیغات اسلامی حوزه عملیه قم.

حلّی، حسن بن یوسف؛ کشف المراد فی شرح تجرید الاعتقاد، بیروت: مؤسسه  الأعلمی للمطبوعات، 1399.

سبزواری، ملاهادی، شرح المنظومه، با تعلیق حسن‌زاده آملی، قم، نشر ناب 1416.

سهروردی، یحیی بن حبش؛ المشارع و المطارحات، مجموعة مصنفات شیخ اشراق،  مؤسسه مطالعات و تحقیقات فرهنگی، 1372.

سهروردی، یحیی بن حبش؛ حکمة الاشراق، مجموعة مصنفات شیخ اشراق، مؤسسه مطالعات و تحقیقات فرهنگی 1372.

صدرالمتألهین شیرازی، محمد؛ الاسفار الاربعه، بیروت، دارالحیاء التراث العربی، 1981م.

صدرالمتألهین شیرازی، محمد؛ المشاعر، به اهتمام هانری کربن، تهران ، کتابخانه طهوری، 1363.

قطب الدین شیرازی، محمدبن مسعود شیرازی؛ دره التاج، به اهتمام سید محمد مشکوه، تهران، حکمت 1365.