Phytoremediation potential of common Sorrel (Rumex acetosa) and Corn (Zea myse) in decomposing synthetic Sulphonated Anthraquinon

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

Article 7, Volume 2, Issue 1 - Serial Number 4, September 2015, Pages 41-50   

Document Type: review paper

DOI: 10.22067/jwsd.v2i1.41016

Author

Ghadir Taheri^*

Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour Branch

Abstract

Synthetic sulphonated anthraquinones are the raw materials used for producing a large palette of synthetic dyes, and microorganisms have a limited ability to decompose them, hence they are one of the important environmental pollutants. In order to study the ability of plants to remove this pollutant from the environment, corn, as a plant not containing any natural anthraquinones and common sorrel, as a plant containing natural anthraquinones, were studied in hydroponic conditions. A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. The first factor was the plant species (Corn, as plant without natural anthraquinones, and common sorrel, plants with natural anthraquinones) and the second factor was sulphonated anthraquinones pollutant concentration. To reduce number of data, they were first analyzed using principle component analysis (PCA) procedure. Parameters with the highest specific value and highest effect on total variance as well as characteristics with the highest coefficients were selected.Result of PCA showed that shoot characteristics were less affected by pollutant concentration than root, and antioxidative defense system, lipid peroxidation and production of hydrogen peroxide in root, shoot and root dry weight had the highest contribution in total variance. Data analysis of variance indicated that corn ability was less than common sorrel for removing sulphonated anthraquinones. Root and shoot dry weighs were reduced by sulphonated anthraquinones, while activity of some enzymes such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX), Catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde were increased. The highest activity of antioxidative enzymes was measured in common sorrel treated by 3 mM sulphonated anthraquinones.

Keywords

antioxidation; common sorrel; sulphonated anthraquinones; phytoremediation; corn

References

Aubert S. and Schwitzgue´bel J.P. 2004. Screening of plant species for the phytotreatment of wastewater containing sulphonated anthraquinones. Water Res., 38: 3569–3575.

Beauchamp C. and Fridovich I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276–286.

Bulc T.G., Ojstrsek A. 2008. The use of constructed wetland for dyerich textile wastewater treatment. J. Hazard. Mat., 155:76–82.

Cakmak I. and Marschner H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology, 98: 1222–1227.

Carias C.C., Novais J.M. and Martins-Dias. S. 2007. Phragmites australis peroxidases role in the degradation of an azo dye. Water Sci. Technol, 56(3): 263-9.

Carias C.C., Novais J.M. and Martins-Dias, S. 2008. Are Phragmites australis enzymes involved in the degradation of the textile azo dye acido range 7? Bioresour. Technol., 99: 243–251.

Duc R., Vanek T., Soudek P. and Schwitzgue´bel J.P. 1999. Accumulation and transformation of sulfonated aromatic compounds by rhubarb cells (Rheum palmatum). Int. J. Phytorem., 1: 255–271.

Foyer C.H. and Halliwell B. 1976. Presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase in chloroplasts: A proposed role in ascorbic acid metabolism. Planta, 133: 21–25.

Heath R.L. and Packer L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189–198.

Jamal F., Pandey P.K. and Qidwai T. 2010. Potential of peroxidase enzyme from Richosanthes dioica to mediate disperse dye decolorization in conjunction with redox mediators. J. Mol. Cat. B: Enzym., 66: 177-181.

Jiang Y. and Hung B. 2001. Drought and heat stress injury to two cool-season turf grasses in relation to antioxidant metabolism lipid peroxidaion. Crop Science, 41: 436-442.

Khandare R.V., Watharkar A.D., Kabra A.N., Kachole M.S., Govindwar S.P. 2014. Development of a low-cost, phyto-tunnel system using Portulaca grandiflora and its application for the treatment of dye-containing wastewaters. Biotechnol. Lett., 36:47–55.

Khouri H.E. and Ibrahim R.K. 1987. Purification and some properties of five anthraquinone-specific glucosyl_ transferases from Cinchona succirubra cell suspension culture. Phytochemist, 26: 2531– 2535.

Nakano Y. and Asada K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology, 22: 867–880.

Nilratnisakorn S., Thiravetyan P. and Nakbanpote W. 2007. Synthetic reactive dye wastewater treatment by narrow- leaved cattails (Typha angustifolia L.): Effects of dye, salinity and metals, Science Total Environt, 384: 67-76.

O’Kane D., Gill V., Boyd P. and Burdon R. 1996. Chilling, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Arabidopsis thaliana callus. Planta, 198: 371–377.

Ong S.T., Keng P.S., Lee W.N. Ha S.T. and Hung Y.T. 2011. Dye waste treatment. Water, 3: 157-176.

Page V. and Schwitzgue´bel J.P. 2009. Metabolism of sulphonated anthraquinones in rhubarb, maize and celery: the role of cytochromes P450 and peroxidases. Plant Cell Rep 28: 1725–1735.

Page V. and Schwitzgue´bel J.P. 2009. The role of cytochromes P450 and peroxidases in the detoxification of sulphonated anthraquinones by rhubarb and common sorrel plants cultivated under hydroponic conditions. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 16(7): 805-816.

Passardi F., Cosio C., Penel C. and Dunand C. 2005. Peroxidases have more functions than a Swiss army knife. Plant Cell Rep., 24: 255–265.

Romain D., Vanek T., Soudek P. and Schwitzguebel J.P. 1999. Accumulation and transformation of sulfonated aromatic compounds by rhubarb cells (Rheum palmatum) Int. J. of Phytoremed., 1(3): 255-271.

Schwitzgue´bel J.P., Aubert S., Grosse W., and Laturnus F. 2002. Sulphonated aromatic pollutants limits of microbial degradability and potential of phytoremediation. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 9(1): 62–72.

Schwitzgue´bel J.P., Braillard S., Page V. and Aubert S. 2008. Accumulation and transformation of sulfonated aromatic compounds by higher plants,toward the phytotreatment of wastewater from dye and textile industries. In: Khan NA, Singh S, Umar S (eds) Sulfur assimilation and abiotic stress in plants. Springer, Berlin, pp 335–353.

Shaffiqu T.S., Roy J.J., Nair R.A. and Abraham T.E. 2002. Degradation of textile dyes mediated by plant peroxidase, Appl. Biochem. Biotech., 102: 315-326.

Singh H.P., Batish D.R., Kaur S., Arora K., and Kohli R.K. 2006. a-pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots, Annals of Botany, 98: 1261–1269.

Strycharz S. and Shetty K. 2002. Peroxidase activity and phenolic content in elite clonal lines of Mentha pulegium in response to polymeric dye R-478 and Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Process Biochem., 37: 805–812

Torres E., Bustos-Jaimes I. and Le Bogne, S. 2003. Potential use of oxidative enzymes for the detoxification of organic pollutants. Appl. Cat. B: Environ., 46: 1–15.