Effects of seed nourished by different levels of nitrogen, biofertilizers and drought stress on germination indices and seedling growth of wheat (Tritium aestivum) cv. Sayonz

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

Article 7, Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 4, June 2010, Pages 266-276   

Document Type: Scientific - Research

DOI: 10.22067/jag.v2i2.7632

Authors

Rostam Yazdani Biouki; Parviz Rezvani Moghaddam; Alireza Koocheki; Mohammad Behzad Amiri; Jabbar Fallahi; Reza Deyhim Fard

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

In order to study the effects of different levels of drought stress and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on the germination indices of seeds harvested from wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) cv. Sayonz in the field treated with different levels of nitrogen, in controlled conditions, a factorial layout based on completely randomized design with three replications, was conducted. Treatments included the seeds that collected from field that received amount of 0, 120, 240 and 360 Kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer, types of biofertilizer (nitragin, biophosphouros and control) and different levels of drought stress (0, -4, -8 and -12 bar). The results showed that simple effects of levels of biofertilizers and levels of drought stress were significant on the all germination characteristics of wheat, except for mean germination time, radicle length to plumule ratio and dry weights of radicle to plumule ratio, while levels of nitrogen fertilizer only was significant on germination, germination rate and germination index. The interaction effects had showed that the seeds harvested from nitrogen fertilizer at 240 Kg/ha and drought stress 0 and -4 bar had the highest germination. Nitragin bifertilizer increased drought stress resistance compared with control, so that the stress level -4 bar reducing germination for seeds treated with biosphouros and non-inoculated, than plants treated with nitragin, were 40 and 79%, respectively. Effects of three nitrogen fertilizer, biofertilizer and levels of drought stress were not significant on the characteristics measured.

Keywords

Biophosphouros; Germination; Nitragin

References

1- Baalbaki, R. Z., Zurayk, R.A., Bleik, M. M., and Talhouk, S. N. 1999. Germination and seedling development of drought tolerant and susceptible wheat under moisture stress. Seed Science and Technology 27: 291-302.

2- Banziger, M., Feil, B., and Stamp, P. 1994. Competition between nitrogen accumulative and grain growth for carbohydrates during grain filling of wheat. Crop Science 34: 440-446.

3- Cramer, G. R., Epstein, E., and Lauchli, A. 1991. Effect of sodium, potassium and calcium on salt – stressed barley. II. Element analysis. Physiology Plantarum 81:187-292.

4- De Freitas, J. R., and Germid, J. J. 1989. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for winter wheat. Applied Envirnomental Microbiology 36: 265-272.

5- Dobbelaere, S., Croonenborghs, A., Thys, A., Ptacek, D., Okon, Y., and Vanderleyden, J. 2002. Effect of inoculation with wild type Azospirillum brasilense and A. irakense strains on development and nitrogen uptake of spring wheat and grain maize. Biology and Fertility of Soils 36: 284-297.

6- Emam, Y., and Nicknejad, M. 1995. Introduction to Crop Physiology (translation). Shiraz University Press. 572 Pp. (In Persian).

7- Emam, Y., Salimi Koochi, S., and Shekoofa, A. 2009. Effect of nitrogen levels on grain yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under irrigation and rainfed conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 7(1): 321-332. (In Persian with English Summary).

8- Foulkes, M. J., Sylvester-Bradley, R., and Scott, R. K. 1998. Evidence for differences between winter wheat cultivars in acquisition of soil mineral nitrogen and uptake and utilization of applied fertilizer nitrogen. Journal of Agriculture Science Cambridge 130: 29-44.

9- Kamboh, M. A., Oki, Y., and Adachi, T. 2000. Effect of presowing seed treatment on germination and early seedling growth of wheat varieties under saline conditions. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 46: 249-255.

10- Kim, N. I., and Paulsen, G. M. 1986. Response of yield attributes of isogenic tall, semi dwarf, and double dwarf winter wheats to nitrogen fertilizer and seeding rates. Crop Science 156(3):197-205.

11- Kloepper, J. W., Zablotowicz, R. M., Tipping, E. M., and Lifshitz, R. 1991. Plant Growth Promoting Mediated by Bacterial Rhizosphere Colonizers. In: The rhizosphere and plant growth, Keister, D.L., and Cregan, P. B. eds. Pp: 315-326. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

12- Kokalis-Burelle, N., Kloepper, J. W., and Reddy, M. S. 2006. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as transplant amendments and their effects on indigenous rhizosphere microorganisms. Applied soil Ecology 31: 91-100.

13- Krishna, A., Patil, C. R., Raghavendra, S. M., and Jakati, M. D. 2008. Effect of bio-fertilizers on seed germination and seedling quality of medicinal plants. Karnataka Journal of Agriculture and Science 21(4): 588-590.

14- Krishramurthy, L., Ito, O., Johansen, C., and Saxsena, N. P. 1998. Length to weight ratio of chickpea roots under progressively reducing soil moisture conditions in a vertisol. Field Crops Research 58:177-185.

15- Lioyd, A., Webb, J., Archer, J. R., and Bradly, R. S. 1997. Urea as a nitrogen fertilizer for cereals. Journal of Agronomy Science 128: 263-271

16- Pilbeam, C. J., Mcneil, A. M., Harris, H. C., and Swift, R. S. 1997. Effect of fertilizer rate and from on the recovery of N-Labelled fertilizer applied to wheat in Syria. Journal of Agricultural Science 128: 415-424.

17- Prisco, J. T., Babtista, C. R., and Pinheiro, J. L. 1992. Hydration dehydration seed Pre- treatment and its effects on seed germination under water stress condition. Revta Brasil Botany 15(1): 31-35.

18- Rivera-Cruz, M. C., Narcıa, A. T., Ballona, G. C., Kohler, J., Caravaca, F., and Rold, A. 2008. Poultry manure and banana wastes are effective biofertilizer carriers for promoting plant growth and soil sustainability in banana crops. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 3092-3095.

19- Saatovich, S. Z. 2006. Azospirilli of Uzbekistan soils and their influence on growth and development of wheat plants. Plant and Soil 283: 137-145.

20- Saeidiyan, F. 1997. Evaluation of drought resistance and water use efficiency in two forage species. MSc Dissertation, Faculty of Natural Resources. Tehran University, Iran (In Persian with English Summary).

21- Salehzade, H., Izadkhah Shishvan, M., and Chiyasi, M. 2009. Effect of seed priming on germination and seedling Growth of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Biological Sciences 4(5): 629-631.

22- Shimon, M., Tirosh, T., and Glick, B. R. 2004. Plant growth promoting bacteria confer resistance in tomato plant to salt stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 42: 565-572.

23- Soltani, A., Galashi, S., Zeinali, E., and Latifi, N. 2001. Germination, seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of chickpea as affected by salinity and seed size. Seed Science 30: 51-60. (In persion with English summary).

24- Soltani, A., Gholipoor, M., and Zeinali, E. 2006. Seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of wheat as affected by drought and salinity. Environmental and Experimental Botany 55: 195-200.

25- Szaboles, I. 1994. Soils and Salinization. In Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress. CRC Press. Edition 2nd. pp: 1-12.

26- Trautwein, E. A., Rrickhoff, D., and Erbershobler, H. F. 1997. The cholesterol- lowering effect of psyllium a source dietary fiber. Ernaehrung Umschau 44: 214-216.

27- Warraich, E. A., Ahmad, N., Basra, S.M.A., and Afzal, I. 2002. Effect of nitrogen on source- sink relationship in wheat. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 4: 300–302.

28- Wu, S. C., Cao, Z. H., Li, Z. G., Cheung, K. C., and Wong, M. H. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125:155-166.

29- Zahir, A. Z., Arshad, M., and Frankenberger, W. F. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 81: 97-168.