Effects of Integrated application of biofertiliser and chemical fertilizer on growth of maize (Zea mays L.) in Shushtar

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

Article 10, Volume 2, Issue 2 - Serial Number 4, June 2010, Pages 292-301   

Document Type: Scientific - Research

DOI: 10.22067/jag.v2i2.7636

Authors

Khaled Eydizadeh^* ; AbdolMajid Mahdavi Damghani; Hossin Sabahi; Saeed Soufizadeh

Department of Agroecology, Research Institute of Environmental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Biofertilizers are natural inputs that can be applied as complement or substituent of chemical fertilizers in sustainable agriculture. Effects of N and P bio- and chemical fertilizers on growth indices of maize (Zea mays L.) was studied on 2008 in Shushtar, Iran, based an as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted four levels of biological and chemical fertilizers, A1 (100% Chemical fertilizer), A2 (50% Chemical+biological fertilizer), A3 (25% Chemical+biological fertilizer), and A4 (Biological fertilizer). Results showed that integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers increased stem length,leaf area index (LAI), dry mater (DM) accumulation, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area duration index (LAID) and leaf area ratio (LAR) in relation to chemical fertilizers, the highest and the lowest plant height was observed at 115 day after planting in A2 (186cm) and A1 (178cm), respectively. The minimum and the maximum LAI was observed at 71 day after planting in A3 (4.71) and A4 (2.3) treatments, respectively. Similar trend was observed in DM accumulation (20.37 and 12.48 t.ha-1, respectively) and net assimilation rate at 94 day after planting (19.4 and 11.3 g.m-2) and crop growth rate at 71 day after planting (44.8 and 26.5 g.m-2, respectively).

Keywords

Growth Index; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

References

1- Allen, M.F., Moore, T.S., and Cheristenses, M. 1980. Phytohormone, changes in Bouteloua gracilis infected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae. I. Cytokine increase in the host plant. Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 371-374.

2- Asghar, H.N., Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M., and Khaliq, A. 2002. Relationship between in vitro production of auxins by rhizobacteria and their growth promoting activities in Brassica juncea L. Journal of Biology and Fertility of Soils 35: 231-237.

3- Bashan, Y., Holguin, G., and De-Bashan, L.E. 2004. Azospirillum-plant relationships: physiological, molecular, agriculture and environmental advances (1997-2003). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50: 521-577.

4- Biari, A., Gholami, A., and Rahmani, H.A. 2008. Growth promotion and enhanced nutrient uptake of maize by application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in arid region of Iran. Journal of Biological Sciences 8(6): 1015-1020.

5- Brich, C.J., Hammer, G.L., and Rickert, K.G. 1998. Temperature and photoperiod sensitivity of development in five cultivars of maize from emergence to tassel initiation. Journal of Field Crop Research 55: 93-107.

6- Clarcke, J.M., and Simpson, G.M. 1978. Growth and analysis of Brassica napus cv. Tower. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58: 587-595.

7- Cox, W.J. 1996. Whole-plant physiological and yield responses of maize to plant density. Agronomy Journal 88: 489-496.

8- Davidson, H.R., and Campbell, C.A. 1984. Growth rates, harvest index and moisture use of manitu spring wheats influenced by nitrogen, temperature and moisture. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 64: 825-839.

9- Glick, B.R. 1995. The enhancement of plant growth by free-living bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 41: 109-117.

10- Gray, E.J., and Smith, D.L. 2005. Interacellular and extracellular PGPR: Commonalities and distinctions in the plant-bacterium signaling processes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry Journal 37: 395-412.

11- Hernandez, A.N., Hernandez, A., and Heydrich, M. 1995. Selection of rhizobacteria for use maize cultivation. Journal of Cultivos Tropicales 6: 5-8.

12- Hamidi, A., Asqarzadeh, A., Chokan, R., Dehghan Shoar, M., Ghalavand, A., and Jafarmalakoti, M. 2007. Study of plant growth promoting rihizobacteria (PGPR) biofertilizers application in maize cultivation by adequate input. Journal of Environmental Science 4: 1-20. (In Persian with English Summary)

13- Karimi, M.M., and Siddique, K.H.M. 1991. Crop growth and relative growth rates of old and modern wheat cultivars. Australian Journal of Agriculture Research 42: 13-20.

14- Kupulnik, Y., Sarig, S., Nur, A., Okan, Y., and Henis, Y. 1982. Effect of Azospirillum inoculation on growth and yield maize. Israel Journal of Botany 31: 247-255.

15- Latifi, N., Navabpoor, S., and Ghaderi, A. 2004. Evaluation sunflower growth index, under dry condition. Agriculture Science Journal 17(1): 61-67. (In Persian with English Summary)

16- Lucy, M. and Glick, B.R. 2004. Application of free living plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Journal of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 86: 1-25.

17- Nanda, S.S., Swain, K.C., Panda, S.C., Mohanty, A.K., and Alim, M.A. 1995. Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers in fodder rainfed upland conditions of Oriza. Current Agriculture Research 8:45-47.

18- Nezarat, S., and Gholami, A. 2008. Evaluation of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas on maize growth. 2nd National Congress of Ecological Agriculture in Iran, pp. 2037-2049. (In Persian)

19- Rosta, M., Rastin, N., and Mazaheri Asadi, M. 1999. Investigation effect of Azospirillum lipoform activity in some soils Iran. Iran Agriculture Science Journal 29: 285-298. (In Persian with English Summary)

20- Sarmadnia, Gh., and Koochaki, A. 1991. Physiology of Crop Plants. Mashhad, Iran. 400 pp. (In Persian)

21- Shekoofa, A., and Emam, Y. 2008. Plant growth regulator (Ethephon) alters maize growth, water use and grain yield under water stress. Journal of Agronomy 7(1): 41-48. (In Persian with English Summary)

22- Shi, S.F., Goscho, G.J., and Rahil , G.S. 1981. Biomass production o sweet sorghum. Agronomy Journal 173:1027-1031.

23- Stancheva, I., Dimitrev, I., Kuloyanova, N., Dimitrova, A., and Anyelove, M. 1992. Effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, photosynthetic enzyme activities and grain yield in maize. Agronomie Journal 12: 319-324.

24- Tialk, K.V.B.R., Singh, C.S., Roy, V.K., and Roa, N.S.S. 1982. Azosprillum brasilense and Azotobacter chroococcum inoculums: Effect of yield maize and sorghum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14:417-418.

25- Van Loon, L.C. 2007. Plant response to plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology 119: 243-254.

26- Vessy, K. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizars. Plant and Soil 255: 571-586.

27- Wu, S.C., Cao, Z.H. Li, Z.G., Cheung, K.C., and. Wong, M.H. 2005. Effect of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: a greenhouse trial. Geoderma 125: 155-166.

28- Yasari, E., and Patwardhan, A.M. 2007. Effect of Aztobacter and Azospirillum inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola. Asian Journal of Plant Science 6(1): 77-82.

29- Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H., and Esmaili, M.A. 2009. Effect of phosphate solubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biological and Life Sciences 1: 2-7. (In Persian with English Summary)

30- Zahir, A.Z., and Khalid, M.A. 1998. Improving maize yield by inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science 15: 7-11.