تحلیل اقتصادی شرط عدم مسئولیت

دانشنامه حقوق اقتصادی

مقاله 2، دوره 22، شماره 7، خرداد 1394   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/le.v22i7.26841

نویسنده

محمد عابدی^*

فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

تزاحم آزادی متعاملین در تعیین مفاد و شروط قراردادی با لزوم جبران ضرر نامشروع، و تقابل فایده‌ها و زیان‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی شرط عدم مسئولیت، نظام‌های حقوقی را در تجویز آن، دچار تردید کرده است و با وجود گرایش به پذیرش اصل اعتبار آن، استثنائات متعددی، با هدف جلوگیری از توافق‌های ناعادلانه، بر این اصل وارد شده است. تحلیل اقتصادی و بررسی معایب و فواید اقتصادی شروط عدم مسئولیت و نقش آن در کارایی، می‌تواند ما را در احراز عدالت قراردادی کمک کند.روش تحقیق، تحلیلی و توصیفی بوده و در موارد ضروری، به روش مقایسه‌ای پرداخته تا رویکرد سایر نظام‌های حقوقی نیز روشن شود. تحلیل اقتصادی شرط عدم مسئولیت نشان می‌دهد که پذیرش اصل اعتبار شرط عدم مسئولیت، کارایی اقتصادی را منجر می‌شود؛ لیکن درصورتی‌که قرارداد ناقص باشد، مانند وجود انحصار و نابرابری اطلاعاتی، دخالت دادگاه در تعدیل یا ابطال شرط عدم مسئولیت ضروری است، یافته‌ای که اصولاً و نه لزوماً، با تحلیل حقوقی شرط عدم مسئولیت هماهنگ است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حقوق قراردادها؛ تحلیل اقتصادی قرارداد؛ کارایی اقتصادی؛ شرط عدم مسوولیت؛ شروط ناعادلانه

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