بررسی و تحلیل شاخص‌های توسعة هوشمند روستایی (مطالعة موردی: روستاهای شهرستان بینالود)

Journal of Research and Rural Planning

Article 12, Volume 5, Issue 4 - Serial Number 16, November 1395, Pages 187-212   

DOI: 10.22067/jrrp.v5i4.61113

Authors

مهدی جوانشیری;

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

Abstract

هدف: تلاش‌های زیادی برای برطرف‌ساختن اثرات منفی گسترش پراکندة شهرها به ‌عمل‌ آمده که عمده‌ترین آن‌ها راهبرد «رشد هوشمند» است. پژوهش حاضر نیز با هدف بررسی توسعة هوشمند در نواحی روستایی شهرستان بینالود (روستاهای ابرده علیا، جاغرق، حصار گلستان و ویرانی) به دنبال ارائة چهارچوبی از این راهبرد، مشتمل بر اصول و عوامل مؤثّر بر شکل‌گیری آن است.
روش: پژوهش حاضر، از حیث هدف «کاربردی» و به لحاظ روش و ماهیّت «توصیفی- تحلیلی» است. برای جمع‌آوری اطّلاعات از روش‌های‌ اسنادی و میدانی استفاده شده است. در ابتدا برای تعیین شاخص های تحقیق از تکنیک تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی فازی استفاده شده و برای بررسی شاخص های توسعة هوشمند روستایی در شهرستان بینالود، 4 روستای ابرده علیا، جاغرق، حصار گلستان و ویرانی به عنوان جامعة نمونه انتخاب شد که از مجموع 3549 خانوار در نقاط روستایی نمونه، با فرمول کوکران با خطای 0.075 درصد، حجم نمونه 163 خانوار به ‌دست‌ آمده است، این افراد با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی- طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند.
یافته‌ها: با توجّه به نتایج فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی مشخّص شد که شاخص‌های اقتصاد خلاق روستایی با وزن 0.534، سرمایة انسانی با وزن 0.148 و شاخص‌های اقتصادی با وزن 0.138 بیش‌ترین تأثیر را در شکل‌گیری توسعة هوشمند روستایی داشته اند. هم‌چنین، بررسی شاخص‌های مختلف توسعة هوشمند در سطح روستاهای نمونه و نتایج آزمون T تک نمونه ای نشان از شرایط نامناسب تر شاخص های کالبدی و زیست محیطی در روستاهای نمونه برای توسعة هوشمند دارد. در نهایت، براساس مدل تحلیل خاکستری نیز مشخّص شد که روستای جاغرق شرایط بهتری از سه روستای ابرده،حصار و ویرانی داشته است و روستای ویرانی در پایین ترین سطح توسعة هوشمند روستایی قرار گرفته است.
محدودیّت‌ها/ راهبردها: عدم دسترسی به اطّلاعات و آمار دقیق و عدم هم‌کاری و گاه عدم صداقت برخی از روستاییان از جمله محدودیّت های تحقیق حاضر است.
راه‌کارهای عملی: جلوگیری از رشد بیرونی با هدایت رشد به درون بافت، افزایش خدمات و مراکز تأمین نیازهای اصلی روستاییان جهت کاهش رفت و آمد، تقویت پیوند روستاـ شهری جهت تأمین نیازهای دو طرفه و غیره از جمله راه‌کارهایی در جهت پایداری و زیست پذیری سکونت گاه های روستایی این ناحیه است.
اصالت و ارزش: در این مقاله سعی شده است تا با استفاده از مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی شاخص های توسعة هوشمند روستایی شناسایی و با استفاده از تحلیل خاکستری نقاط روستایی مورد مطالعه سطح‌بندی شود.

Keywords

توسعة هوشمند روستایی; اقتصاد خلّاق روستایی; سرمایة انسانی; تحلیل سلسله مراتبی فازی; تحلیل خاکستری

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