The Comparison of Object relations and Relation with Father in Divorce Demanding and Non-demanding Individuals

پژوهش های روان شناسی بالینی و مشاوره

Article 3, Volume 6, Issue 1 - Serial Number 11, January 0, Pages 44-59   

Document Type: پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/ijap.v6i1.41009

Authors

Hajar Falahzade^{* 1}; Ramin Hashemi Gashnigani²

¹SHahid Beheshti

²Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran

Abstract

Purpose: The comparison of object relational dimensions and perceived fatherhood relation in Divorce Demanding and Non-demanding Individuals.
Methodology: For this purpose, 122 divorce demanding individuals and 117 non-demanding divorce individuals completed Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI) and Fatherhood Scale (FS). Then the data were analyzed by Two Way ANOVA, using SPSS-20.
Findings: Results showed that there is significant difference between object relational dimensions (Alienation, Attachment, Ego Centricity, and Social Incompetence) and Father Negative Engagement, Father Good Provider Role, Father Positive Emotional Responsiveness, and Moral Father Role in two groups. It seems that having object relational deficiency and having negative object from father and relation with him can lead to marital dissatisfaction and then rupture marital relation.

Keywords

Object Relations; Perceived Fatherhood Relation; Divorce Demanding Individuals

References

Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72, 650-666.

Bell, M. (1995). Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI). By Western Psychological Services.

Bell, M., Billington, R., & Becker, B. (1986). A scale for the assessment of object relations: Reliability, validity, and factorial invariance. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42, 733-741.

Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and Loss. Attachment. Vol.1. New York: Basic Books.

Both, A., & Amato, p. R. (1994). Parental Marital Quality, Parental Divorce, and Relations with parents. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56, 21-34.

Braver, S. l., & Lamb, M. E. (2013). Marital Dissolution. G. W. Peterson & K. R. Bush (Eds.). Handbook of Marriage and the Family, Springer, Business Media, New York, pp.487-516.

Casiano, R. (2010). The Influence of Father-Daughter Relationship Quality on Current Romantic Relationship Quality in Women. A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Oklahoma.

Catlett, B. S., & MCkenry, P.C. (2004). Class-Bassed Masculinities: Divorce, Fatherhood, and the Hegemonic Idea. Fathering, Vol. 2, 165-190.

Chen, A. C., & Thompson, E. A. (2007). Preventing Adolescent Risky Sexual Behaviors: parents Matter! Journal of Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 12, 119-122.

Cleveland, H. H., & Gilson, M. (2004). The Increased Importance of Mother-Child Relationships on Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 319-329.

Cusimano, A. M., & Riggs, S. A. (2013). Perceptions of interparental conflict, romantic attachment, and psychological distress in college students. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 21, 45-59.

Dick, G. L. (2004). The fatherhood scale. Research on Social Work Practice, 14, 80-92.

Dicks, H.V. (1963). Object Relations Theory and Marital Studies. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 36, 1-12

D’Onofrio, B., Turkheimer, E., Emery, R., Maes, H., Silberg, J., & Eaves, L. (2007). A children of twins’ study of parental divorce and offspring psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 667–675

Donovan, J. M. (2003). Short-Term Object Relation Couples Therapy: the Five Step Model. New York: Brunner-Routledge.

Famenini, M. (2013).the Role of Father Parenting Perception with Separation-Individuation Level and Attachment Style in University Students. M. A dissertation in Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).

Fincham, F. D. (2003). Marital Conflict: Correlates, Structure, and Context. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 23-26.

Feeny, J. A. (2005). Hurt Feelings in Couple Relationships: Exploring the Role of Attachment and perceptions of personal Injury. Personal relationships, 12, 253-271.

Fingerson, L. (2005). Do Mothers' Opinions Matter in Teens' Sexual Activity? Journal of Family Issues, 26, 947-974.

Framo, J. (1970). Symptoms from a Family Transactional viewpoint. In Family Therapy in Transition, (Ed). N. Ackerman, J. Lieb, and K.Pearce, PP. 125-171. Boston: Little, Brown.

Gallagher, J. J. (2008). The Father-Daughter Relationship: A Father's Impact on his Daughter's Psychological development with Particular Focus on a Daughter's Formation of Adult Intimate relationships, a Clinical Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy to the Faculty of the California School of Professional Psychology, San Francisco Campus, Alliant International University.

Gottman, J. M. (1997). The Heart of Parenting: How to Raise an Emotionally Intelligent Child. Translated to Persian by Hamid Reza Balooch, Tehran, Rooshd Publisher (2010). (In Persian)

Goutler, B. & Minninger, J. (1993). The Father Daughter Dance: Insight Inspiration, and Understanding for Every Woman and her Father. New York: Ny: G. P. Putnam's Sons.

Grish, J. H., & Finchaam, F. D. (2001). Interpersonal Conflict and Child Development: Theory, Research and Application. The Cambridge University Press.

Guardia, A. C., Nelson, J. A., & Lertera, L. M. (2014). The Impact of Father Absence on Daughters Sexual Development and Behaviors: Implications for Professional Counselors. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 22, 339-346.

Hadley, J. A., Holloway, E. L., & Mallinckrodt, B. (1993). Common Aspects of Object Relations and Self Representations in Offspring from Disparate Dysfunctional Families. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40, 348-356.

Haaz, D. H., Kneavel, M., & Browning, S. W. (2014). The Father–Daughter Relationship and Intimacy in the Marriages of Daughters of Divorce. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 55, 164-177.

Higgins, K. L. (2009). Healthy Father-Daughter Relationships, Self-image, and Resilience: Associations in a Sample of College Women. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology in the College of Science and Mathematics, California State University, Fresno.

Jones, A. E. (2007). The Impact of the Father-Daughter Dyad on Female Sexuality, Self-Concept, and Interpersonal Relationships with Men. A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Chicago School of Professional Psychology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Psychology

Jordan, J. V. (2008). Recent Developments in Relational-Cultural Theory. Women & Therapy, 31, 1-4.

Keller, M. J. (2009). Object Representation, Relationship Satisfaction, Maternal-Fetal Attachment, and Depression in High Risk Pregnancy. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Kobak, R. (1999). The Emotional Dynamics of Disruptions In attachment Relationships. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds). Handbook of Attachment (PP. 21-43). New York: Guilford

Koon, T. J. (2011). Father-Daughter Relationship Quality as a Predictor of Sexual Activity in Adolescent Women. A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Family and Child Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Lamb, M. E., & Lewis, C. (2004). The Development and Sinificance of Father-Child Relationships in Two Parent Families. In Lamb, M. E. (Ed.), The Role of The Father in Child Development, Fourth Edition (PP. 272-306). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Lansford, J., Malone, P., Castellino, D., Dodge, K., Pettit, G., & Bates, J. (2006). Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents’ divorce or separation. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 292–301.

Lengua, L. J., Wolchik, S. A., Sandler, I. N., & West, S. G. (2000). The additive and interactive effects of parenting and temperament in predicting problems of children of divorce. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 232–244.

Miculincer, M. & Shaver, P. R. (2004). Security-based self-Representation in Adulthood: Contents and Processes. In W. S. Rholes & J. A. Simpson (Eds.), Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications (PP. 159- 195). New York: Gilford Press.

Millando, M. A. (2005). Influence of Father-Daughter Relationship, Parental Identifications, and Age at Divorce on Young Women's Identity Development. A Dissertation submitted to the Adelphi University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.

Miller, I. (2002). How Change Happens: Controlling Images, Mutuality, and Power. Work in Progress, 96, 1-10.

Morgan, J. V. (2001). Father-Daughter Relationships as a Predictor of Marital Intimacy. Ph.D. Dissertation, the University of Alabama. Available from: http:/www.ProQuest.umi. Accessed July 26, 2015.

Newland, L. A., & Coyl, D. D. (2010). Fathers Role as Attachment Figures: an Interview with Sir Richard Bowlby. Early Childhood Development and Care, 180, 25-32.

Reza Goli Zade, T. (2011). The Relationship between Father Loss and Object Relations with Narcissistic Personality Disorder. M. A dissertation in Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian).

Richards, M. H., Gitelson, I. B., Peterson, A. C., & Hutig, A. L. (1991). Adolescent Personality in Girls and Boys: The Role of Mothers and Fathers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 65-81.

Roth, K. E., Harkins, D. A., & Eng, L. A. (2014). Parental Conflict During Divorce as an Indicator of Adjustment and Future Relationships: A Retrospective Sibling Study. Journal of Divorce & Remarriage, 55, 117-138.

Scharff, D., & Scharff, J. S. (1987). Object Relations Family Therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.

Sheffler, J. S. & Naus, P. J. (1999). The Relationship Between Fatherly Affirmation and Women's Self-Esteem, Fear of Intimacy, Comfort with Womanhood and Comfort with Sexuality. The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, 8, 39-50.

Sigel, p. s. (1992). Repairing Intimacy: an Object Relations Approach to Couples Therapy. London: Jason Aronson.

Snarey, J. (1993). How Fathers Care for the Next Generation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Troxel, W., & Matthew, K. (2004). What are the costs of marital conflict and dissolution to children’s physical health? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 7, 29–57.

Wallerstein, J., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second Chances: Men, Women, and Children a Decade after Divorce. New York: Ticknor & Fields.

Welsh, D. P., Grello, C. M., and Harper, M. S. (2003). When love hurts: Depression and adolescent romantic relationships. In Florsheim, P. (ed.), Adolescent Romantic Relations and Sexual Behavior: Theory, Research, and Practical Implications. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah.

Williams, S. K. & Kelly, F. D. (2005). Relationships among Involvement, Attachment, and Behavioral Problems in Adolescence: Examining Father's Influence. Journal of Early Adolescence, 25, 168-312.

Young, M. E. & Long, L. L. (2006). Counseling and Therapy for Couples. Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.