اهمیت و کاربرد علم شهروندی در هیدرولوژی و مدیریت منابع آب

فصلنامه آب و توسعه پایدار

مقاله 2، دوره 7، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 16، شهریور 1399، صفحه 1-12   

نوع مقاله: مروری

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jwsd.v7i2.84355

نویسندگان

مریم سنجری بنستانی¹؛ واحدبردی شیخ^{* 1}؛ آرش زارع گاریزی¹؛ آمنه آورند²

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

²دانشگاه پیام نور، واحد تهران

چکیده

علم هیدرولوژی اساس تصمیم‌گیری در منابع آب و ارزیابی خطرات مربوط به آن مانند سیل و خشک‌سالی و آلودگی است. علی‌رغم اهمیت حیاتی این علم برای جامعه، این زمینه علمی با کمبود شدید داده‌‏ها در قلمروهای مکانی و زمانی روبه ‏رو است. در کشورهای جهان سوم و کم‌درآمد به دلیل محدودیت داده‏‌ها و اطلاعات آماری و هزینه‌بر بودن فرایند پایش بیشتر با کمبود داده‎‏‏ها مواجه هستند. لذا داده‏های جمع‌‏آ‌وری شده توسط جوامع محلی و داوطلب و پایش از طریق مردم یک روش موثر در این زمینه است. علم شهروندی بیانگر مشارکت بین محققان و جوامع داوطلب با هدف جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، توسعه دانش علمی، اشتراک‌گذاری اطلاعات و تشویق تعامل و تفاهم بین جوامع محلی و محیط ‏‏طبیعی آن‌ها است. مرور منابع نشان می‌دهد به‌کارگیری علم شهروندی در هیدرولوژی و منابع آب نسبت به سایر رشته‌های علمی از قبیل اکولوژی و نجوم محدودتر است، اما به دلیل اهمیت روزافزون منابع آب رو به افزایش است. نتایج تحقیقات نشان داده است درصورتی‏که آموزش کافی به شهروندان داده شود، داده‌‏های جمع‌‏آوری شده توسط شهروندان اعتبار قابل قبولی دارد. بنابراین باتوجه ‏به پتانسیل علم شهروندی و گسترش تکنولوژی‌‏ها می‏‌توان به جمع‌آوری داده‌های هیدرولوژیکی قابل اعتماد، به موقع و طولانی مدت دست یافت و در تصمیم‌گیری و مدیریت منابع آب استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

یکپارچه نگری؛ مشارکت؛ گروداران؛ جامع نگری

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