اثر مقادیر مختلف کاه‌ و ‌کلش گندم و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiate)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 2، اردیبهشت 1396، صفحه 96-108   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v8i2.48149

نویسندگان

فاطمه خمدی^{* 1}؛ موسی مسکرباشی²؛ پیمان حسیبی³

¹دانشگاه چمران

²دانشگاه چمران اهواز

³چمران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف کاه و کلش گندم و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش، پژوهشی در سال1393 در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی اهواز در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه چمران به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار به‌اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از مقادیر مختلف بقایای کاه و کلش گندم در پنج سطح (صفر، 1750، 3500، 5250 و 700‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) که به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره در سه سطح (صفر، 150 و 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار) که به‌عنوان کرت فرعی درنظرگرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر مختلف کاه و کلش گندم و سطوح کود نیتروژن اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و ارتفاع بوته داشتند، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 3500 و 7000‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کاه و کلش گندم حاصل شد. با افزایش کاربرد کود نیتروژن تا سطح 250‌کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش افزایش یافت. کود نیتروژن در ابتدای رشد موجب شکل‌گیری سریع کانوپی و افزایش سطح برگ شد که منجر به پوشش سطح خاک می‌شود و کود سرک نیتروژن باعث دوام سطح سبز و طول مدت گلدهی و پُرشدن دانه می‌شود. اثر متقابل بقایا و کود بر عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و تعداد غلاف در بوته معنی‌دار شد و بیشترین این ویژگی‌ها از تیمار 3500‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کاه و کلش گندم توأم با 250‌کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تثبیت زیستی نیتروژن؛ علف‌هرز؛ مدیریت پایدار سیستم زراعی

مراجع

1. Achakzai, A.K., and Habibullah, K. 2012. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and yield attributes of mungbean (Vigna radiata) grown in Quetta. Pakistan Journal Botany 44(3): 981-987.

2. Ashraf, M., Mueen-ud-Din, M., and Warraich, N.H. 2003. Production efficiency of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as affected by seed inoculation and NPK application. Internatinal Journal Agriculture Biology 5(2): 179-180.

3. Ali, S., Hasan, A., Ijaz, S.S., and Ansar, M. 2013. Mungbean (Vigna radiata) yield and di-nitrogen fixation under minimum tillage at semiarid pothwar, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 23(1): 198-200.

4. Azadi, E., Rafiee, M., and Nasrollahi, H. 2013. The effect of different nitrogen levels on seed yield and morphological characteristic of mungbean in the climate condition of Khorramabad. Annals of Biological Research 4(2): 51-55.

5. Asaduzzaman, M., Karim, F., Ullah, J., and Hasanuzzaman, M. 2008. Response of mungbean (Vigna radiate) to nitrogen and irrigation management. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 3(1): 40-43.

6. Aulakh, M.S., Manchanda, J.S., Garg, A.K., Kumar, S., Dercon, G., and Nguyen, M. 2012. Crop production and nutrient use efficiency of conservation agriculture for soybean–wheat rotation in the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Northwestern India. Soil & Tillage Research 120: 50-60.

7. Bakht, J., Shafi, M., Jan, M.T., and Shah, Z. 2009. Influence of crop residue management, cropping system and N fertilizer on soil N and C dynamics and sustainable wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. Soil and Tillage Research 104: 233-240.

8. Behera, U.K., Sharma, A.R., and Pandy, H.N. 2007. Sustaining productivity of wheat-soybean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the Vertisols of central India. Plant and Soil 297: 185-199.

9. Bilalis, D., Efthimiadis, P., and Sidiras, N. 2003. Effect of different levels of wheat straw soil surface coverage on weed flora in vicia faba crops. Journal Agronomy Crop Science 189: 233-241.

10. Blanco-Canqui, H., and Lal, R. 2009. Crop residue removal impacts on soil productivity and environmental quality. Crit. Rev. Plant Science 28: 139-163.

11. Bozorgi, H.R., Azarpour, E., and Moradi, M. 2011. The effects a bio, mineral nitrogen fertilization and foliar zinc spraying on yield and yield components of faba bean. World Applied Science 13(6): 1409-1414.

12. Bunnaa, S., Sinatha, P., Makaraa, O., Mitchellb, J., and Fukaib, S. 2011. Effects of straw mulch on mungbean yield in rice fields with strongly compacted soils. Field Crops Research 124: 295-301.

13. Buranova, J., Cerny, M., Kulhanek, F., Vasak, J., and Balik, M. 2015. Influence of mineral and organic fertilizers on yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat. International Journal of Plant Production 9(2): 257-271.

14. Ebadi, A., Tobe, A., Karbala.ee Khiavi. H., and Khodadoost. Z. 2006. Effects of mineral nitrogen consumption on soybean yield and yield components in water deficit conditions. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi 71: 51-57. (In Persian with English Summary).

15. Fu-ti, X., Hui-jun, Z., Hai-ying, W., Xue, A., and Martin Steven, S. 2010. Effect of preplant fertilizer on agronomic and physiological traits of soybean cultivars from different breeding programs. Agricultural Sciences in China 9(11): 1602-1611.

16. Kashfi, S.M.H., Majnoun Hosseini, N., and Zeinali Khaneghah, H. 2011. Effect of plant density and starter nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. Kourosh) at Karaj conditions. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research 2: 11-20. (In Persian with English Summary).

17. Khalilzadeh, R., Tajbakhsh, M., and Jalilian, J. 2012. Growth characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) affected by foliar application of urea and bio-organic fertilizers. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences 637-642.

18. Majnon Hoseini, N. 2008. Grain Legume Production. Jahad Daneshghahi. Pub. University of Tehran. 283 page. (In persian).

19. Malik, M.A., Saleem, M.F., Ali, A., and Mehmood, L. 2003. Effect of nitrogen and phosphorous application on growth, yield and quality of mungbeanf (Vigna radiata). Pakistan Journal Agricultural Science 40(3): 133-136.

20. Marraccini, E., Debolini, M., Di Bene, C., and Bonari, E. 2012. Factors affecting soil organic matter conservation in Mediterranean hillside winter cereals-legumes cropping systems. Italian Journal of Agronomy 7: 283-292.

21. Monsefia, A., Sharmab, A.R., Rang Zanc, N., Beherad, U.K., and Dasd, T.K. 2014. Effect of tillage and residue management on productivity of soybean and physico-chemical properties of soil in soybean-wheat cropping system. International Journal of Plant Production 8(3): 429-439.

22. Mohammadzadeh , A., Majnoon hosseini, N., Moghadam, H., and Akbari, M. 2008. Influence of water stress and nitrogen levels on seed yield and yield components in two red kidney bean genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 1: 29-38. (In Persian with English Summary).

23. Mohammad, W., Samreen, S., Shah, Z., and Shah, S.M. 2010. Effect tillage and crop residues management on mungbean (Vigna radiate) crop yield, nitrogen fixation and water use efficiency in rainfed areas. Pakistan Journal Botany 42(3): 1781-1789.

24. Mohammad, W., Shah, S.A., Shehzadi, S., and Haroon, S. 2014. Effect of conservation agriculture practices on oat Fodder yield, water use efficiency, and microbial biomass C and N in rainfed dry area of north- west Pakistan. Journal Agriculture Science Technology 16: 1033-1042.

25. Mrabet, R. 2011. Effects of residue management and cropping systems on wheat yield stability in a semiarid mediterranean clay soil. American Journal of Plant Sciences 2: 202-216.

26. Pandiaraj, S. Selvaraj, N., and Ramu, N. 2015. Effects of crop residue management and nitrogen fertilizer on soil nitrogen and carbon content and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two cropping systems. Journal Agriculture Science Technology 17: 249-260.

27. Ramakrishna, A., Tam, H.M., Wani, S.P., and Long, T.D. 2006. Effect of mulch on soil temperature, moisture, weed infestation and yield of groundnut in northern Vietnam. Field Crop Research 95: 115-125.

28. Salah Uddin, Md., Ruhul Amin, A., Jafar Ullah, M., and Asaduzzman, M. 2009. Interaction effect of variety and different fertilizers on the growth and yield of summer mungbean. American-Eurasian Journal Agronomy 2(3): 180-184.

29. Shen, Q.R., Shen, Z.G., and Wang, J.L. 2001. Effects of pig manure and wheat straw on growth of mung bean seedlings grown in aluminium toxicity soil. Bioresource Technology 76: 235-240.

30. Srisaard, K. 2007. Effect of crop residues of sunflower (Heliaanthus annuus), maize (Zea mays), and soybean (Glycine max) on growth and seed yields of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 10(8): 1282-1287.

31. Tsuji, H., Yamamoto, H., Matsuo, K., and Usuki, K. 2006. The effect of long-term conservation tillage, crop residues and P fertilizer on soil conditions and responses of summer and winter crops on an Andosol in Japan. Soil and Tillage Research 89: 167-176.

32. Verma, N.K., and Pandey, B.K. 2013. Effect of varying rice residue management practices on growth and yield of wheat and soil organic carbon in rice-wheat sequence. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences 13(3): 32-38.

33. Zang, H., Yang, X., Feng, X., Qian, X., Hu, Y., Ren, C., and Zeng, Z. 2015. Rhizodeposition of nitrogen and carbon by mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and its contribution to intercropped oats (Avena nuda L.). Field Crop Research 95: 105-118.