اثر مقادیر مختلف کاه‌ و ‌کلش گندم و کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش (Vigna radiate)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 5، دوره 8، شماره 2، دی 1396، صفحه 96-108   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v8i2.48149

نویسندگان

فاطمه خمدی^{* 1}؛ موسی مسکرباشی²؛ پیمان حسیبی³

¹دانشگاه چمران

²دانشگاه چمران اهواز

³چمران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف کاه و کلش گندم و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش، پژوهشی در سال1393 در شرایط آب‌و‌هوایی اهواز در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه چمران به‌صورت اسپلیت‌پلات با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار به‌اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از مقادیر مختلف بقایای کاه و کلش گندم در پنج سطح (صفر، 1750، 3500، 5250 و 700‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) که به‌عنوان کرت اصلی و کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره در سه سطح (صفر، 150 و 250 کیلوگرم در هکتار) که به‌عنوان کرت فرعی درنظرگرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که مقادیر مختلف کاه و کلش گندم و سطوح کود نیتروژن اثر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد دانه در غلاف و ارتفاع بوته داشتند، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد دانه از تیمار 3500 و 7000‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کاه و کلش گندم حاصل شد. با افزایش کاربرد کود نیتروژن تا سطح 250‌کیلوگرم در هکتار، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ماش افزایش یافت. کود نیتروژن در ابتدای رشد موجب شکل‌گیری سریع کانوپی و افزایش سطح برگ شد که منجر به پوشش سطح خاک می‌شود و کود سرک نیتروژن باعث دوام سطح سبز و طول مدت گلدهی و پُرشدن دانه می‌شود. اثر متقابل بقایا و کود بر عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و تعداد غلاف در بوته معنی‌دار شد و بیشترین این ویژگی‌ها از تیمار 3500‌کیلوگرم در هکتار کاه و کلش گندم توأم با 250‌کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار به‌دست آمد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تثبیت زیستی نیتروژن؛ علف‌هرز؛ مدیریت پایدار سیستم زراعی

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