تأثیر آبیاری تکمیلی، زمان و روش‏های کاربرد کود آهن بر خصوصیات کمّی و کیفی گیاه نخود زراعی (Cicer arietinum L.)

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 9، دوره 10، شماره 2، زمستان 1398، صفحه 119-131  

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v10i2.68262

نویسندگان

لقمان احمدی¹؛ مختار قبادی ¹؛ محسن سعیدی¹؛ جلال قادری²

¹دانشگاه رازی

²مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کرمانشاه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثر آبیاری تکمیلی، زمان و روش‏های کاربرد کود آهن بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و برخی خصوصیات کیفی دانه نخود زراعی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی91-1390 در دانشگاه رازی واقع در کرمانشاه اجرا گردید. آزمایش به‏صورت کرت‏های یک‏بار خُردشده انجام شد. شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی و همچنین زمان و نحوة کاربرد کود آهن به‌عنوان فاکتور فرعی در هشت سطح شامل عدم مصرف کود آهن (Fe1)، خاک‌‏کاربرد (Fe2)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحله شاخه‏دهی (Fe3)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة گلدهی (Fe4)، محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة غلاف‏بندی (Fe5)، خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة شاخه‏دهی (Fe6)، خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة گلدهی (Fe7) و خاک‏کاربرد+محلول‌پاشی در مرحلة غلاف‏بندی (Fe8) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که از نظر اکثر صفات مورد بررسی، آبیاری تکمیلی نسبت به شرایط دیم برتری داشت (به‌جُز میزان پروتئین دانه). تأثیر مثبت آبیاری تکمیلی روی عملکرد دانه عمدتاً از طریق افزایش تعداد غلاف در بوته و وزن100دانه بود. مصرف کود آهن بر صفات مهمی چون عملکرد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت، تعداد دانه در غلاف، میزان آهن دانه و درصد پروتئین دانه اثر معنی‏داری داشت. تیمارFe7 از نظر عملکرد دانه (1614‌کیلوگرم در هکتار)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (3683‌کیلوگرم در هکتار) و درصد پروتئین دانه (7/27‌درصد)، بیشترین مقادیر را به خود اختصاص داد، هرچند میزان آهن دانه در تیمار Fe8 (66میلی‏گرم در‌کیلوگرم) بیشتر بود. جهت ارتقاء عملکرد کمّی و کیفی نخود در شرایط اقلیمی غرب ایران، انجام آبیاری تکمیلی در مراحل گلدهی و غلاف‏بندی و همچنین مصرف کود آهن در دو مرحله خاک کاربرد و محلول‌پاشی در مرحله گلدهی قابل‌توصیه می‏باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری تکمیلی؛ عملکرد دانه؛ اجزای عملکرد؛ پروتئین دانه؛ آهن دانه

مراجع

1. Afshani, S., Amirnia, R., and Hadi, H. 2015. Study effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on yield and yield components of autumn rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under limited irrigation. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 13(1): 43-52. (In Persian).

2. Ahmadi, L., Ghobadi, M., Saeidi, M., and Ghaderi, J. 2016. The study of some physiologic and biochemical traits to drought stress and methods of Fe fertilizer application in chickpea. Journal of Plant Process and Function 4(14): 165-176. (In Persian).

3. Anonymous. 2015. Crop Production Statistics. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad. (In Persian).

4. Bagheri, A., A. Nezami., A., Ganjeali, and Parsa, M.2001. The Chickpea. Jahad Daneshgahi Mashhad Press. p. 224-251. (In Persian).

5. Bakhsh, A., Malik, S.R., Mohammad, A., Umer, I., and Haqqani, A.M. 2007. Response of chickpea genotypes to irrigated and rain-fed conditions. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological 9: 590-593.

6. Beard, J.L. 2001. Iron biology in immune function, muscle metabolism and neuronal functioning. The Journal of Nutrition 131: 568-580.

7. Briat, J.F. 2007. Iron Dynamics in Plant. In: J.C. Kader & M. Delseny (Eds.). Advances in Botanical Research: Incorporating Advances in Plant Pathology. Vol. 46. Academic Press, London, UK, ISBN 9780123737052, p. 137-180.

8. Bybordi, A., and Mamedov, G. 2010. Evaluation of application methods efficiency of zinc and iron for canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2(1): 94-103.

9. Fathi Amirkhiz, K., Amini Dehghani, M., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M., and Hashemi, S. 2011. The effects of soil and foliar application of Fe on some biochemical characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under two irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science 42(3): 509-518. (In Persian).

10. Farzami Sepehr, M. 2013. The Essentials of Practical Plant Physiology. Jahade-Daneshgahi Mashhad Press.184 pp. (In Persian).

11. Galeshi, S., Farzaneh, S., and Soltani, A. 2005. Investigation of drought tolerance at seedling stage in forty genotypes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Crop Breeding Journal 21(1): 65-79. (In Persian).

12. Garnett, T.P., and Graham, R.D. 2005. Distribution and remobilization of iron and copper in wheat. Annals of Botany 95: 817-826.

13. Ghasemi-e-Golozani, K., Fathollahzadeh, M., and Dalil, B. 2004. Effect of Water Deficit on Yield and HI in Chickpea Grain at Tabriz. p. 447. In: Proceedings of the 10th Iranian Crop Sciences Congress. Karaj, Iran. (In Persian).

14. Gholinezhad, S. 2018. Effect of drought stress and nano-fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency in dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production 27(4): 93-105. (In Persian).

15. Gogor Cena, Y., Abadia, J., and Abadia, A. 2004. A new technique for screening iron-efficient genotypes in peach rootstocks elicitation of root ferric chelate reductase by manipulation of external iron concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition 27: 1701-1715.

16. Groos, R.J., and Johanson, B.E. 2004. Seed treatment, seeing rate, and cultivar effect on iron deficiency chlorosis of soybean. Journal of Plant Nutrition 24: 1255-1268.

17. Jovkar, L., Ronaghi, A., Karimian, N.A., and Ghasemi Fasaye, R. 2015. Effect of applying different level of Fe and Fe EDDHA on growth and some concentration elements of bean plant in a calcareous soil. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture 6(22): 9-18. (In Persian).

18. Habib, M. 2009. Effect of application of Zn and Fe on wheat yield and quality. African Journal of Biotechnology 8: 6795-6798.

19. Hansch, R., and Mendel, R.R. 2009. Physiological functions of mineral micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ni, Mo, B, Cl). Current Opinion in Plant Biology 12: 259-266.

20. Jalilian, J., Modarres Sanavi, S.A.M., and Sabaghpour, S.H. 2005. Effect of plant density and supplemental irrigation of yield, yield components and protein content of four chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars under dry land conditons. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 12(5): 1-9. (In Persian).

21. Mahmoudi, H., Koyro, H.W., Debez, A., and Adelly, C. 2009. Comparison of tow chickpea varieties regarding their responses to direct and induced Fe deficiency. Environmental and Experimental Botany 66: 349-356.

22. Maleki, A., Heidari, A., Siadat, A., Tahmasebi, A., and Fathi, A. 2011. Effect of supplementary irrigation on yield, yield components and protein percentages of chickpea cultivars in Ilam, Iran. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology 5(3): 65-75. (In Persian).

23. Mayoral, M., Atsman, L.D., Shimshi, D., and Gromete-Elhanan, Z. 1991. Effect of water stress of enzyme activities on wheat and related wild species: carboxylase activity, electron transport and photophrylation in isolated chloroplast. Australian Journal of Plan Physiology 8: 385-393.

24. Mehraban, A. 2017. Effect of foliar application of iron on yield, yield component, and grain protein of lentil crop. Journal of Iranian Ecophysiological Research 12(45): 27-37. (In Persian).

25. Mengel, K., and Kirkby, E.A. 1987. Principles of Plant Nutrition. 5th Edn. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Translated by Salardini, A., and Mojtahedi, M.

26. Moghadam, H., Dashtaki, M., and Mohammadi, M. 2013. Effects of phosphorous, iron and zinc fertilizers on quantity and quality of turnip (Brassica napa) forage. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Sciences 43(4): 681-689. (In Persian).

27. Moosivand, M., Khorgami, A., and Rafiei, M. 2009. Evaluation of Fe on growth and yield components in different soybean genotypes. Crop Physiology Journal 1(4): 35-45. (In Persian).

28. Nielsen, D.C. 2001. Production function for chickpea, field pea, and lentil in the central great plains. Agronomy Journal 93: 563-569.

29. Osborne, B.G., Henry, R., and Southan, M.D. 2007. Assessment of commercial milling performance of hard wheat by measurement of the rheological properties of whole grain. Journal of Cereal Science 45: 122-127.

30. Pahlavan-Rad, M., and Pessarakli, M. 2009. Response of wheat plants to zinc, iron, and manganese application and uptake and concentration of zinc, iron, and manganese in wheat grains. Communications in Soil Sciences and Plant Analysis 40: 1322-1332.

31. Parsa, M., Ganjeali, A., Rezaiean, A., and Nezami, A. 2011. Effects of supplemental irrigation on yield and growth indices of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in Mashhad. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research 9(3): 310-321. (In Persian).

32. Pezeshkpoor, P., and Mousavi, S.K. 2005. Correlation between drought indices and grain yield in chickpea in optimum condition (autumn sowing) and stress condition (spring sowing). In: Proceeding of 1st Iranian Pulse Crops Symposium. Mashhad, Iran. Pp. 318. (In Persian).

33. Rahmani, A., Mirza, M., and Tabaei Aghdai, S.R. 2013. Effects of different fertilizaers (macro and micro element) on quantity and quality of essential oil and other byproducts of Rosa domascena Mill. in Iran. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 29(4): 747-759. (In Persian).

34. Romheld, V., and Marschner, H. 1991. Function of Micronutrients in Plants. In: J. J. Mortvedt, F.R. Cox, L.M. Shuman and R.M. Welch. Micronutrients in Agriculture (2nd Ed.). p. 297-328. Madison, WI: SSSA.

35. Saxena, M.C., Malhotra, R.S., and Singh, K.B. 1990. Iron deficiency in chickpea in the Mediterranean region and its control through resistant genotypes and nutrient application. Plant and Soil 123: 251-254.

36. Saxena, M.C., and Sheldark, A.R. 2003. Iron chlorosis in chickpea grown on higher pH calcareous vertisol. Field Crops Research 3: 211-214.

37. Sharafi, S. Tajbakhsh, M., Majidi, M., and Pourmirza, A.A. 2001. Effect of iron and zinc fertilizers on the yield of two maize cultivars in Urmia. Abstracts of the 7th Congress of Soil Science, Iran, 4-7 September. p. 424-425. (In Persian).

38. Tuba Bicer, B., Narin Kolender, A., and Akar, D.A. 2004. The effect of irrigation on spring-sown chickpea. Journal of Agronomy, Asian Network for Scientific Information 3: 154-158.

39. Vaziri Kateshori, S., Daneshvar, M., Sohrabi, A., and Nazarian Firoz Abadi, F. 2014. Effects of foliar application of P, Zn and Fe on grain yield and yield components of chickpea. Agricultural Crop Management 15(2): 17-30. (In Persian).

40. Wiersma, J.V. 2005. High rates of Fe–EDDHA and seed iron concentration suggest partial solution to iron deficiency in soybean. Agronomy Journal 97: 924-934.

41. Yassen, A., Abou El-Nour, E.A.A., and Shedeed, S. 2010. Response of wheat to foliar spray with urea and micronutrients. Journal of American Science 6(9): 14-22.

42. Zhang, Y., Shi, R., Rezaul, K.M.D., Zhang, F., and Chunqin. Z. 2010. Iron and Zinc concentrations in grain and flour of winter wheat as affected by foliar application. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry 58: 12268-12274.