Evaluation the effect of priming and its duration on germination characteristics of two lentil genotypes (Lens culinaris Medic.) under laboratory conditions

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

Article 14, Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 21, June 2020, Pages 176-186   

Document Type: Original Articles

DOI: 10.22067/ijpr.v11i1.72920

Authors

Seyyed jalal Azary¹; Mahdi Parsa^{* 1, 2}; Ahmad Nezami^{1, 2}; Reza Tavakol Afshari¹; Jafar Nabati²

¹Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

²Legumes Department, Research Center for Plant Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) as one of the oldest sources of human nutrition is of particular importance among beans due to the ease of digestion and high protein content. Priming method refers to a number of different seed characteristics improvements. In these methods, seeds are allowed to absorb some water so that the early stages of germination are performed, but the root can not grow. Due to the fact that lentil is usually cultivated in rain-fed areas and under dry conditions, it is often possible to provide sufficient moisture in the early stages of growth and germination for planting, in the early stage of growth and germination. Research results indicate that seed germination can be achieved through rapid germination, uniform appearance and strong establishment of the plant. One of the most important germination seed germination treatments is priming. Priming refers to a number of different seed improvement methods, in which all controlled seeding is applied. In priming, seeds are allowed to absorb some water so that the early stages of germination are performed, but the root can not be removed. In other words, the seeds go up to the second stage, but they do not enter the third stage. After priming treatments, the seeds are dried and cultivated as untreated seeds. Hydro priming is the simplest method for increasing the rate and percentage of germination and uniformity of deposition under stress conditions, especially in arid regions. In the experiment, which was performed on seed maize (Zea mays), it was observed that seed priming increased germination speed while the polyethylene glycol reduced the germination rate. In addition, hydro priming of seeds for 36 hours increased germination, root germination and seedling dry weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different priming treatments and the duration of priming on seed germination and growth seedling growth and selection of the most suitable treatment of two lentil genotypes.
 
Materials & Methods
This study was carried out in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran, as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications in 2017. The treatments consisted of two lentil genotypes (Rabat and Kalposhch), six priming levels (non-priming (control), gibberellic acid (C19H22O6) 100 mg.l-1, Dayan seedlings solution 4 ml.l-1, potassium nitrate (KNO3) 500 mg.l-1, zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) 1000 mg.l-1 and hydro priming and priming duration (7 and 16 hours). After priming seeds were removed from the solutions and then placed in a laboratory for 24 hours until complete drying. Seeds were then disinfected 1% NaCl solution (NaClO) for five minutes and then washed three times with distilled water. Petri were also disinfected with 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. In the next step, 25 seeds were prepared from 12 cm diameter primer treatments between two layers of Watman filter paper and each petri was added to the required amount of distilled water. To germinate to a germinator by setting a temperature of ± 20° Celsius and the dark environment. The emergence of two-millimeter radicle length was considered as the beginning of seed germination and number of germinated seeds was daily recorded. At the end of 14th day, number of germinated seeds, seedling dry weight and length, root and shoot length and root and shoot dry weight were measured and germination indexes, such as germination percentage, germination rate and seed vigor were calculated.
Results & Discussion
Results indicated that total number of germinated seeds, germination percentage and germination rate were significantly affected by genotype, priming component and interaction of genotype and priming duration. Robat genotype at 16 hours of priming had the highest number of germinated seeds, germination percentage and germination rate, but in Robat genotype with seven hours of priming, there was no significant difference observed. Root length was significantly affected by genotype and priming components. The best genotype for this characteristic was Robat and the most suitable priming treatment was control (non-priming). There were no statistically significant differences with zinc sulfate. The length of stems and seedling were affected by genotype, priming components and priming durations. For both characteristics, the best genotype, Rabat and the most suitable time, seven hours priming and for stem length, non-priming (control) was the best treatment, but there were no statistically significant differences with gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate and zinc sulfate.
 
Conclusion
Results of this study showed that Robat genotype has superior characteristics than Kalpush genotype, which can be used for cultivation. Generally, according to the results of this study, seed germination characteristics of these two lentil genotypes were positively affected priming treatments of gibberellic acid, potassium nitrate, zinc sulfate, Dayan solution and hydro priming. It seems that complementary studies on other compounds are needed to find suitable treatments for germination improvement

Keywords

Hydro priming; Plant proteins; Pulses; Seed vigor

References

1. Abdul-Baki, A.A., and Anderson, J.D. 1973. Vigor determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science 13: 630-633.

2. Abu Taliban, M.A., and Mohagheghi, A. 2015. Effect of different seed priming treatments on yield and yield components of lentil under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Production and Processing 5(15): 129-140.

3. Aghah, F., and Nabavi Kalat, M. 2013. Study of seed priming in improvement of lentil seed germination indices under salinity stress. Journal of Science and Technology of Seeds 3(2): 53-61. (In Persian).

4. Agrawal, R.L. 1997. Seed Technology. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, PUT.LTD, New Delhi. p. 552.

5. Ahmadi, K., Parsa, S., Mahmoudi, S., and Ghazanchian, Gh. 2015. Effect of nutritional priming on germination and seedling growth of Ferula gummosa Boiss. Journal of Seed Ecophysiology 1(2): 137-151. (In Persian with English Summary).

6. Aliloo, A.A. 2014. Effects of priming with micronutrients on seed reserve mobilization of lentil at different temperatures. Agroecology Journal 10(3): 85-94. (In Persian with English Summary).

7. Aloui, H., Souguir, M., and Cherif, H. 2014. Determination of an optimal priming duration and concentration protocol for pepper seeds (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Agriculture Slovenica 103(2): 213-221.

8. Asgarian, M. 1998. Morphology, Agronomy of Lentil. Seed and Plant Improvement Institute of Karaj. Legumes Part. Karaj. (In Persian).

9. Ashraf, M., and Foolad, M.R. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment a shotgun approach to improve germination, plant growth, and crop yield under saline and non-saline conditions. Advances in Agronomy 88: 223-271.

10. Association of Official Seed Analysts (AOSA). 2000. Rules for Testing Seeds.

11. Azarnia, M., Biabany, A., Esvand, H. R., and Gholam Ali Pour Alamdari, A. 2015. Study of the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation and seed priming on some root and aerial parts of lentil. Journal of Plant Production Research 22(3): 53-27. (In Persian).

12. Berchie, J.N., Adu-Dapaah, H., and Sarkodie-Addo, J. 2010. Effect of seed priming on seedling emergence and establishment of four bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) landraces. Journal of Agronomy 9(4): 180-183.

13. Eskandari, H., and Alizadeh-amraie, A. 2014. Improvement of lentil germination performance under salt and drought conditions using seed priming treatments. Seed Science and Technology 1(42): 87-91.

14. FAO. 2013. FAO Year Book. FAO Publication. (http//:www.Faostat.Fao.org.site).

15. Farhangian Kashani, S., and Jafari, A. 2009. Study of salinity effects on germination characteristics in sainfoin and alfalfa species. Pasture Magazine 1(3): 491-507. (In Persian with English Summary).

16. Farooq, M,. Basra, S.M.A., Warraich, E.A., and Khaliq, A. 2006. Optimization of hydropriming technigues for rice seed invigoration. Seed Science and Technology 34: 529-534.

17. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Aliloo, A.A., Valizadeh, M., and Moghaddam, M. 2008. Effects of different priming techniques on seed invigoration and seedling establishment of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 6(2): 222-226.

18. Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Sheikhzade-Mosaddegh, P., and Valizadeh, M. 2008. Effect of hydropriming duration and limited irrigation on field performance of chickpea. Research Journal of Seed Science 1(1): 34-40.

19. Giri, G.S., and Schillinger, W.F. 2003. Seed priming winter wheat for germination, emergence and yield. Crop Science 43: 2135-2141.

20. Golazani, G.H., and Dalil, B. 2011. Germination and Seed Vigor Tests. Publications University of Mashhad. 104 p. (In Persian).

21. Grusak, M.A. 2009. Nutritional and health-benecial quality. In: W. Erskine, F.J. Muehlbauer, A. Sarker & B. Sharma (Eds). The Lentil: Botany, Production and Uses. Wallingford: CABI, 368-390.

22. https://www.khpggroup.com

23. Imran, M., Neuman, G., and Rombeld, V. 2008. Nutrient seed priming improves germination rate and seedling growth under subemergence stress at low temperature. Competition for Resources in a Changing World: New Drive for Rural Development. University of Hohenheim.

24. Kader, M.A., and Jutzi, S.C. 2004. Effect of thermal and salt treatments during imbibition on germination and seedling growth of sorghum at 42/19oC. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 190: 35-38.

25. Majnoon Hosseini, N. 1994. Legumes in Iran. Tehran University Jahad. p. 284. (In Persian).

26. Mc‌Donald, M.B. 1999. Seed deterioration: physiology, repair and assessment. Seed Science and Technology 27: 177-237.

27. Moradi Dezfuli, P., Sharif-Zadeh, F., and Janmohammadi, M. 2008. Influence of priming technigues on seed germination behavior of Maize inbred lines (Zea mays L.). ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science 3(3): 233-271.

28. Mubshar, H., Farooq, M., Shahzad, M., Barsa. A., and Ahmad, N. 2006. Influence of seed priming techniques on the seedling establishment, yield and quality of hybrid sunflower. International Journal of Agricultural and Biology 8: 14-18.

29. Musa, M., Singh, A., and Lawal, A.A. 2014. Influence of priming duration on the performance of Amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus L.) in Sokoto Semiarid zone of Nigeria. International Journal of Agronomy p. 1-4.

30. Nazarian, S., Bakhtiari, S., and Majidzadeh Heravi, R. 2014. Investigating the effect of seed priming under salinity stress on germination and vegetative growth of fennel seedlings (Foeniculum vulgar). Journal of Seed Research 4(4): 27-37. (In Persian).

31. Pakbaz, N., Barary, M., Ashraf Mehrabi, A., and Hatami, A. 2014. Effect of seed priming on growth and yield of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) genotypes under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. International Journal of Biosciences 5(9): 131-139.

32. Ramezani, M., and Rezaei Sokht Abandani, R .2013. The effect of priming and its time on quality properties of seed germination with seedling and seedling saints (Eski) under laboratory conditions. Agricultural Crops Management 15(2): 1-15. )In Persian with English Summary).

33. Ramezani, M., and Rezaei Sokht Abandani, R. 2011. Effect of seed treatment and its duration on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa) by Tarom Dilmani. Journal of Life Sciences of Lahijan Unit 5(4): 97-107. (In Persian with English Summary).

34. Ramezani, M., and Rezaei Sokht-Abandani, R. 2013. Effects of osmopriming on lentil seed germination components in arid areas. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3(17): 2002-2006.

35. Rezaei Sokht Abandani, R., and Ramezani. M. 2011. Effect of time and concentration of priming solutions on germination traits of rice seed (Oryza sativa L.) Neda cultivar. Abstract Collection of Articles; second seminar on Science and Technology of Seed of Mashhad Azad University. p. 18. (In Persian).

36. Rezaei Sokht Abandani, R., Mohseni, A., and Ramezani, M. 2010. Effect of priming on seed germination traits of maize 604. Journal of New Agricultural Findings 1(4): 49-61. (In Persian with English Summary).

37. Shafiei Abnavi, M., and Ghobadi, M. 2012. The effects of source of priming and post-priming storage duration on seed germination and seedling growth characteristics in wheat (Triticum aestivem L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 9(4): 256-268.

38. Soughir, M., Elouaer, M.A., and Hannachi, C. 2013. The effect of NaCl priming on emergence, growth and yield of fenugreek under saline conditions. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 46(2): 73-83