بررسی رقابت و عملکرد کمی و کیفی در کشت مخلوط سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merrill.) و همیشه بهار (Calendula officinalis L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 3، دوره 7، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 23، فروردین 1394، صفحه 38-51   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v7i1.48200

نویسندگان

مرضیه اله دادی^* ؛ عادل دباغ محمدی نسب؛ محمدرضا شکیبا؛ روح اله امینی

گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی رقابت بین دو گونه سویا (Glycine max L. Merrill.) و همیشه بهار(Calendula officinalis L.)، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و هفت تیمار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز در سال 1388 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل کشت های خالص سویا و همیشه‌بهار، کشت مخلوط با پنج آرایش کشت به صورت 1:1، 2:2، 4:2، 4:4 و 6:4 به ترتیب همیشه‌بهار و سویا بودند. اثر آرایش کشت روی تعداد نیام در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، وزن هزار دانه و عملکرد دانه سویا در واحد سطح و درصد روغن و پروتئین دانه سویا معنی-دار نبود. تأثیر آرایش کشت بر روی عملکرد خشک گل‌آذین و گلبرگ همیشه‌بهار در واحد سطح و تعداد گل در بوته همیشه‌بهار معنی دار بود. بیش‌ترین عملکرد خشک گل‌آذین و گلبرگ به آرایش کشت 1:1 (63/87، 75/30) و 6:4 (75/41، 68/22) مربوط بود. براساس نتایج حاصله در آرایش کشت 1:1، 2:2 و 4:4 ضریب ازدحام نسبی همیشه‌بهار (76/0، 46/0 و 46/0) بیشتر از سویا بود این امر از نظر رقابتی، برتری همیشه‌بهار را در مقابل سویا اثبات می کند. در آرایش کشت 6:4 و 4:2 به ترتیب غالبیت سویا (43/1، 98/0) بزرگتر از همیشه‌بهار بود که نشان دهنده بیشتر بودن عملکرد نسبی سویا در مقایسه با همیشه‌بهار است. بر عکس کمتر شدن غالبیت همیشه‌بهار (19/1، 93/0) در این تیمارها نشان می‌دهد که عملکرد نسبی آن کمتر از سویا است. مقدار افت واقعی عملکرد در کلیه تیمارها مثبت به دست آمد که نشان دهنده افزایش عملکرد است. در آرایش کشت 1:1، 2:2 و 4:4 نسبت رقابتی همیشه‌بهار (06/2، 25/1، 13/1) بیشتر از یک بود و در آرایش کشت 6:4 و 4:2 نسبت رقابتی سویا (2/1، 07/1) بیشتر از یک بود که برتری عملکرد را نسبت به تک کشتی نشان می‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آرایش کشت؛ شاخص غالبیت؛ ضریب ازدحام نسبی؛ نسبت رقابتی

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