بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اپی‌براسینولید بر فعالیت برخی آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدان، نیترات ردوکتاز و رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی لوبیا تحت تنش خشکی

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

مقاله 6، دوره 11، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 22، دی 1399، صفحه 76-94   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.76131

نویسندگان

مهسا محمدی^{* 1}؛ مجید پوریوسف²؛ افشین توکلی²؛ احسان محسنی فرد³

¹دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

²دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

³استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی واکنش برخی پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی لوبیا و امکان افزایش عملکرد دانه این گیاه با کاربرد اپی‌براسینولید تحت تنش خشکی، پژوهشی به‌صورت اسپلیت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در مزرعه‌ تحقیقاتی دانشکده‌ کشاورزی دانشگاه زنجان در سال زراعی 1395-1394 اجرا شد. در این پژوهش، شرایط آبیاری در دو سطح شامل آبیاری مطلوب و اعمال تنش خشکی به عنوان عامل اصلی و دو ژنوتیپ‌ لوبیا شامل رقم کوشا و ژنوتیپ COS16 و چهار غلظت براسینواستروئید شامل عدم مصرف (شاهد)، دو، چهار و شش میکرومولار به‌صورت فاکتوریل در کرت­های فرعی قرار گرفتند. در مرحله‌ گلدهی، تنش خشکی اعمال شد و همزمان با اعمال تنش خشکی، بوته­های لوبیا با براسینواستروئید (اپی­براسینولید) محلول‌پاشی شد. نتایج نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی اکسیدان تحت تنش خشکی به طور معنی‌داری در مقایسه با شرایط آبیاری مطلوب افزایش پیدا کرد، به‌طوری‎که اعمال تنش خشکی به ترتیب باعث افزایش 89/38، 09/84، 46/40 و 37/27 درصد در فعالیت کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسمیوتاز نسبت به آبیاری مطلوب شد. همچنین بالاترین فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، گایاکول پراکسیداز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و سوپراکسید دیسمیوتاز با کاربرد غلظت‌های مختلف اپی‌براسینولید در شرایط اعمال تنش خشکی حاصل شد. کاربرد اپی‌براسینولید با افزایش فعالیت آنزیم‌ نیترات ردوکتاز و محتوای کلروفیل و کاروتنوئیدها باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌های لوبیا در هر دو شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی شد. بالاترین عملکرد دانه با کاربرد غلظت 2 میکرومولار اپی­براسینولید با میانگین‌ 2/2068 کیلوگرم بر هکتار به­دست آمد. در بین ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه نیز رقم کوشا در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب با میانگین 45/3025 کیلوگرم بر هکتار بیشترین عملکرد دانه و ژنوتیپ COS16 در شرایط تنش خشکی با میانگین 89/980 کیلوگرم بر هکتار کمترین عملکرد دانه را نشان دادند. بنابراین کاربرد اپی‌براسینولید را به‏عنوان راهکاری جهت افزایش مقاومت به تنش خشکی و افزایش عملکرد دانه لوبیا در شرایط آبیاری مطلوب و تنش خشکی می‌توان پیشنهاد نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

آبیاری؛ آسکوربات پراکسیداز؛ سوپراکسید دیسمیوتاز؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کاروتنوئید؛ محتوای کلروفیل

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