Evaluation of bean cultivars resistance to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under field conditions

پژوهش‌های حبوبات ایران

Article 7, Volume 11, Issue 2 - Serial Number 22, December 2020, Pages 95-108   

Document Type: مقالات پژوهشی

DOI: 10.22067/ijpr.v11i2.76080

Authors

Aliasghar Kazemi¹; Alireza Askarianzadeh^{* 1}; Ayatollah Saeedizadeh¹; Adel Ghadiri²

¹Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

²Khomein National Bean Research Station at Agricultural Research & Education Organization, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
Two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important damaging pests to bean farms. In order to reduce these damages, farmers are forced to spray their fields several times. One of the best methods to reduce pest damages is using of resistant cultivars. In addition to tolerance to the pests and reduction of spraying and consequently reduction of environmental pollutions, this method can also have benenefit of higher yield. In this research,bean cultivars resistance to two- spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in field conditions evaluated.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to study and evaluate resistance of eight cultivars (including: Sadri, Shokufa, Akhtar, Khomein, Dorsa, Kusha, Darakhshan and Pak) and two lines (21191 and 31169) of bean to two-spotted spider mite during two successive farming years of 2015 and 2016. An experiment was conducted in the form of split plots design in time, in National Research Bean Center of Khomein city. This experiment was performed by observational method with leaves’, stems’, pods’ and bushes infestation to two-spotted spider mite and comparing them with the control and the evaluation of their yields. The statistical population included 10 genotypes of bean. This experiment was carried out in four replications in a field with a size of 23 × 26 m in a split plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design. Ten genotypes were tested against two-spotted spider mite on leaf, stem, pods, plant, and their grain yield by spray treatment. In each plot, 30 samples were prepared. The data were analyzed by SAS software. The comparison of the mean of infestation of the cultivars and the sampling time by Duncan's test and the comparison of the mean yield by Tukey HSD test was performed.
 
Results and Discussion
Infestation in the stems of bean began in two consecutive years on 12 August every year and peaked on the 22 of August. The highest amount of stem infestation in two years was related to Darakhshan cultivar and Dorsa and Line 21191 had the least infestation in this regard. Infestation in pods of beans began in year 2015 on 26th of August and in 2016 year on the 21st of August. But in two consecutive years, the peak of pod infestation was on 16th of September. Darakhshan, Sadri, Khomein cultivars were identified as susceptible cultivars to the mite and the cultivars Dorsa, Kusha and Line 21191 as more resistant cultivars in this regard. Beginning of infestation in bushes in both years was 20 September and the peak of them occurred on 30 September. Results showed that the amount of infestation of experimental cultivars and lines to two-spotted spider mite was significantly different. These differences were related to the beginning of infestation and yield. Means comparison showed that Darakhshan, Akhtar and Khomein were sensitive to the pest but line 21191 and Kusha cultivar as chiti bean cultivars, Dorsa as a White bean cultivar, and line 31169 as a Red bean have more resistance to two-spotted spider mite and have acceptable yield in comparison with other experimental cultivars. The combined analysis of the data two yearly showed that the effect of year on the grain yield was significant, which was probably due to the uneven atmospheric rainfall, exposure to light, or under the influence of environmental stresses over two years. Also, the interaction of year and cultivar was not significant that it is showed the same response of the cultivars to the pest in the two years of the experiment.
 
Conclusion
In general, the results of the present study showed that Dorsa, Kusha and line of 21191, as compared to Darakhshan, Chiti of Khomein, showed more resistance to the populations of two-spotted spider mite in field conditions that the most important causes of these results cases such as genotype, vegetation type and date of mite infestation can be attributed. Therefore, in order to prevent continuous spraying in bean fields and to obtain optimum yield, it is recommended that the line 21191 (introduced in 2016 as Ghaffar cultivar) and Dorsa and Kusha cultivars to be used. Also, Dorsa cultivar as white bean cultivar, line 21191 (Ghaffar cultivar) as chiti’s bean, and line 31169 (which was introduced as Yaghut ​​cultivar in 2016) as a red bean, resistant cultivars to two-spotted spider mite was designated in this study. So this research can be very helpful and efficient for improving yield and reducing the use of pesticides in the bean fields.

Keywords

Bean; Cultivar; Resistance; Two-spotted spider mite; Yield

References

1. Bynum, E.D., Xu, W., and Archer, T.L. 2004a. Diallel analysis of spider mite resistance maize inbred lines and F1 crosses. Crop Science 44: 1535-1549.
2. Bynum, E.D., Xu, W., and Archer, T.L. 2004b. Potential efficacy of spider mite resistance genes in maize testcross. Crop Protection 23: 625-634.
3. Dorri, H.R., Lak, M.R., Bani Jamali, S.M., Dadivar, M., Ghanbari, A.A., Khodshenas, M.A., and Asadi, B. 2003. Beans (from Planting to Harvesting). Promotional Educational Publication, Management of Promotion and Popular Participation of Agricultral Jahad,s Organization of Markazi Province. No. 305. (In Persian).
4. Dorri, H.R., and Bizaei, A. 2007. Introduction of new cultivar of white bean, Dorsa. Proceeding of 5^th National Conference of Iran Grains. University of Tehran, No. 379. (In Persian).
5. Egas, M., Norde, D.J., and Sabelis, M.W. 2003. Adaptive learning in arthropods: spider mites learn to distinguish food quality. Experimental Applied Acarology: 30: 233-247.
6. Flexner, J.L., Westigard, P.H., Hilton, R., and Croft, B.A. 1995. Experimental evaluation of resistance: Management for two-spotted spider mite on southern Oregon pear. Journal of Economic Entomology 87: 167-170.
7. Godfrey, L.D. 2005. Management Guidelines for Spider Mite on Dry Beans. The Regents of the University of California, USA.
8. Karban, R. 1987. Environmental conditions affecting the strength of induced resistance against mites in cotton. Oecologia 73: 414-419.
9. Kavousi, A. 2000. Laboratory evaluation of three pesticides on the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimillis. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Iran. 170 pp. (In Persian with English Summary).
10. Khaghani, S, Bihamta. M.R., Changizi, M. Dorri, H.R., Khaghani, SH., Bakhtiyari, A., and Safapour, M. 2010. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative traits of white and red beans in normal and drought stress conditions. Environmental Stress in Plant Sciences 1(2): 169-182.
11. Khan, M.T., Naeem, M., and Akram, M. 2003. Studies on varietal resistance of cotton against insect pest complex. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 19: 1-10.
12. Khanjani, M., and Hadad Iran Nezhad, K. 2006. Injurious Mites of Agricultural Crops in Iran. Bu-Ali Sina University Press, p.515 (In Persian).
13. Khanjani, M. 2013. Field Crop Pest in Iran (Insects and Mites). Bu-Ali Sina University Press, Six^th edition, 731 p.
14. Labanowska, B. 2007. Susceptibility of strawberry cultivars to the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 15: 133-146.
15. Modarres Najaf Abadi, S.S. 2011. Assessing the effect of tension conditions on population changes and the damage of two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) in different genotypes of red beans in Khomein region (abstract). Abstract Articles of the 4th National Cereal Conference of Iran ,Markazi, Agricultural and Natural and Resources Research and Education Center, P. 317 (In Persian).
16. Mohammadi, S., Seraj, A., Saeedi, Z., and Moharrami pour, S. 2010. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of 14 red and white bean genotypes to two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Plant Protection (Agricultural Journal) 33(2). (In Persian with English Summary).
17. Mohayseni, A., Shadi, M., Shahverdi, M., Pirhadi Deh Alikhani, A., Kushki, M.H., and Nasrollahi, M. 2005. Effect of Macroelements (N.P.K) on damage of two-spotted spider mite and agronomic characters of bean (Phaseols vulgaris) variety Darakhshan in Borujerd. The Articles of the First National Congress of Cereals. Research of Herbaceous Sciences of Firdausi University of Mashhad, 2005.11.20 and 21. (In Persian with English Summary).
18. Polis, G.A. 1973. Phaseolus. University of Kentuky, Press center, USA. 124 pp.
19. Shanks, C., Chandler, C., Show, E., and Moore, P. 1995. Fragaria resistance to spider mites at three locations in the United States. Horticulture Science 30(5): 1068-1069.
20. Tahmasebi, Z. 2013. Determination of sensitive and resistant cultivars, bean to tension of two spotted-spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. (Acari: Tetranychidae) by using resistance indicator. 6th Conference Agricultural Research Findings, Kurdistan University.
21. Tahmasebi, Z., Bihamta, M.R., Hossein Zadeh, A., Saboori, A., Kosari, A.A., and Dorri, H.R. 2010. Response of common bean genotypes to two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) in reenhouse and field. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal 25(2): 329-348. (In Persian with English Summary).
22. Tahmasebi, Z., Hossein Zadeh, A., Bihamta, M., Naghavi, M., Saboori, A., Dorri, H., and Kushki, M. 2010. An investigation on resistance of 19 common bean genotypes to two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), in three regions of Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran 30(2): 69-78. (In Persian with English Summary).
23. Xu, W.W., Archer, T.L., Bynum, E.D., and Odvody. G. 2004. Registration of maize germless line TX202. Crop Science 44: 1883-1884.
24. Yousefi, M., and Dorri, H.R. 2007. Evaluation of resistance mechanism to two-spotted spider mite on some chiti bean genotype in greenhouse conditions. Proceedings of the 2^nd National Legume Crops Symposium of Iran. Karaj, Iran. pp. 257-268. (In Persian).