اثرات کاربرد کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L. )

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 2، دوره 29، شماره 4، اسفند 1394، صفحه 486-500   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v29i4.51510

نویسندگان

مهسا اقحوانی شجری^{* 1}؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم²؛ رضا قربانی¹؛ مهدی نصیری محلاتی¹

¹دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

به منظور مطالعه اثرات کاربرد منفرد و تلفیقی کودهای آلی، زیستی و شیمیایی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گشنیز (Coriandrum sativum L.)، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 90-1389 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و 12 تیمار اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی عبارت بودند از: 1- کود زیستی میکوریزا، 2- کود زیستی بیوسولفور به همراه گوگرد آلی بنتونیت‌دار، 3- کود شیمیایی (NPK)، 4- کود گاوی، 5- ورمی کمپوست، 6- میکوریزا + کود شیمیایی، 7- میکوریزا + کود گاوی، 8- میکوریزا + ورمی کمپوست، 9- بیوسولفور + کود شیمیایی، 10- بیوسولفور + کود گاوی، 11- بیوسولفور + ورمی کمپوست و 12- شاهد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین تعداد شاخه جانبی (6/6 عدد) در تیمار کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی بیوسولفور با کود گاوی و بیشترین تعداد چتر در بوته (19 عدد) و چترک در چتر (5 عدد) در تیمار کاربرد منفرد کود زیستی میکوریزا به دست آمد. حداکثر تعداد دانه در چتر (6/21 عدد)، تعداد دانه در بوته (366 عدد)، عملکرد دانه (1468 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و شاخص برداشت (55 درصد) در تیمار مصرف تلفیقی کود زیستی میکوریزا با کود شیمیایی مشاهده شد. کاربرد تلفیقی کود زیستی بیوسولفور با کود شیمیایی اثر چشمگیری در افزایش وزن صد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیکی گیاه داشت. بیشترین مقادیر درصد و عملکرد اسانس دانه به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای مصرف منفرد کود زیستی میکوریزا و مصرف تلفیقی کود زیستی میکوریزا با کود شیمیایی به‌دست آمد (2/0درصد و 2602 گرم در هکتار). به‌طور کلی نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که کاربرد کودهای زیستی به خصوص میکوریزا نقش چشمگیری در افزایش عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی گشنیز داشت. علاوه بر این، مصرف تلفیقی کودهای زیستی به خصوص میکوریزا با کودهای آلی و شیمیایی اثرات به مراتب بهتری در مقایسه با کاربرد منفرد منابع کودی مورد مطالعه ایجاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوسولفور؛ درصد اسانس؛ شاخص برداشت؛ عملکرد اسانس؛ عملکرد بیولوژیک؛ میکوریزا

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