The Effect of Different Levels of Dried Rosemary Leave (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) on Performance and Egg Quality in Laying Hens

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

Article 1, Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 28, December 2017, Pages 646-655   

Document Type: Poultry Nutrition

DOI: 10.22067/ijasr.v8i4.34021

Authors

Heydar Zarghi^* ; Abolghasem Golian; Hasan Kermanshahi

Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction Supplementation of poultry diets with antioxidant substances seems to be an efficient means for improving the oxidative stability of poultry products. The most important sources of natural antioxidants are plants. The poultry performance parameters generally and positively are affected by the addition of aromatic herbs and their extracts into diets. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), which is herb of the Labiatae family, have been recognized as the plants with the highest antioxidative activity by many authors. The substances associated with the antioxidant activity of rosemary are the phenolic diterpenes, such as carnasol, rosmanol, 7-methylepirosmanol, isorosmanol and carnosic acid. This study examined the effects of dietary supplemented with different levels of dried rosemary leaves on laying hen performance and egg quality in fresh and storage periods.
Materials and methods A total of 200 Hy-Line W36 laying hen aged 26 weeks were housed in cages and randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups each containing 40 birds. Each group was divided into 4 replicates. The birds were kept in the laying cages (48.5 cm wide, 45 cm deep, 44 cm high in front and 38 cm high in the rear, 436 cm2 per each one), and housed there along the experimental period. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The hens received a basal diet (maize and soya bean based; 16.00% crude protein; 2850 kcal/kg ME) that was formulated to meet the hy-line W36 (2014) requirements recommended for nutrients. The diet did not contain any antibiotics and coccidiostats or growth promoters. Treatments were included 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 percent of dried rosemary leaves in basal diet. Experiment was designed in a Completely Randomized Design Block with 5 treatments, 4 replicates/ treatment with 10 hens in each replicate, from 29 until 38 weeks of age. Eggs were collected daily and weighed and egg production was calculated on a bird–day basis. Mortality was recorded as it occurred. Feed intake was recorded weekly and calculated as g/hen/d. The value of feed efficiency was calculated as kg feed per kg egg. Twenty four eggs were collected from each group (6 eggs from each replicate) at last 3 day of the experimental period to determine egg quality parameters. Egg quality analyses were done within 24 h of the eggs being collected and after 21d storage period. Egg shell thickness was measured with an egg shell thickness gauge, the egg weight in and out water, the albumen height, the yolk, albumen and shell weight were determined. By using these values, the Haugh units, egg portion (yolk, albumen and shell) relative weight, shell weight per shell unit area and egg specific gravity were calculated.
Results and Discussion The results showed dietary supplemented with different levels of dried rosemary have significantly effects on some parameters of performance and egg traits in laying hens (p

Keywords

Egg quality; laying hens; Performance; Rosemary

References

Alçiçek, A., M. Bozkurt, and M. Çabuk. 2003. The effects of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 33: 89-94.

2- Alçiçek, A., M. Bozkurt, and M. Çabuk. 2004. The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils, an organic acid or a probiotic on broiler performance. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34: 217-222.

3- Asmundson, V. S. and G. A. Baker. 1940. Percentage shell as a function of shell thickness, egg volume and egg weight. Poultry Science, 19: 227-232.

4- Basmacioglu, H., O. Tokusoglu, and M. Ergul. 2004. The effect of oregano and rosemary essential oils or alpha-tocopheryl acetate on performance and lipid oxidation of meat enriched with n-3 PUFAs in broilers. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34: 197-210.

5- Botsoglou, N. A., P. Florou-Paneri., E. Christaki., D. J. Fletouris, and A. B. Spais. 2002. Effect of dietary oregano essential oil on performance of chickens and on iron-induced lipid oxidation of breast, thigh, and abdominal fat tissues. British Poultry Science, 43: 223-230.

6- Brenesa, A. and E. Rourab. 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: Main effects and modes of action. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 158(1-2):1-14.

7- Carter, T. C. 1975. The hen’s egg: Estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. British Poultry Science, 16: 541-543.

8- Cetingul, I. S., I. Bayram., A. A. Akkaya., C. Uyarlar., M. Yardimci., E. H. Sahin, and E. Sengor. 2007. Utilisation of oregano (Origanum vulgaris) in laying quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (2): The effects of oregano on performance, carcass yield, liver and some blood parameters. Archiva Zootechnica, 10: 1-10.

9- Cherian, G., F. W. Wolfe, and J. S. Sim. 1996. Dietary oils with added tocopherols: Effects on egg or tissue tocopherols, fatty acids and oxidative stability. Poultry Science, 75: 423- 431.

10- Craig, J. W. 1999. Health promoting properties of common herbs. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70: 491-499.

11- Cross, D. E., R. M. McDevitt., K. Hillman, and T. Acamovic. 2007. The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Journal of British Poultry Science, 48: 496-506.

12- Cuvelier, M. E., H. Richard, and C. Berset. 1996. Antioxidative activity and phenolic composition of pilot-plant and commercial extracts of sage and rosemary. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 73: 645-652.

13- David, P. E. and D. M. Chistopher. 2004. A practical manual for understanding the shell structure of broiler hatching eggs and measurements of their quality. Bulletin 1139. Mississippi state university.

14- Etches, R. J. 1996. Reproduction in Poultry. CAB International, University Press, Cambridge, UK.

15- Fairchild, A. S., J. L. Grimes., F. T. Jones., M. J. Wineland., F. W. Edens, and A. E. Sefton. 2001. Effects of hen age, bio-mos and flavomycin on poult susceptibility to oral Escherichia coli challenge. Poultry Science, 80: 562-571.

16- Galobart, J., A. C. Barroeta., M. D. Baucells., L. Cortinas, and F. Guardiola. 2001. α-Tocopherol transfer efficiency and lipid oxidation in fresh and spray-dried eggs enriched with ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids. Poultry Science, 80: 1496-1505.

17- Hamilton, R. M. G. 1978. Observations on the changes in physical characteristics that influence eggshell quality in ten strains of White Leghorns. Poultry Science, 57: 1192-1197.

18- Hernandez, F., J. Madrid., V. Garcia., J. Orengo, and M. D. Megias. 2004. Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility and digestive organ size. Poultry Science, 83: 169-174.

19- HyLine. 2014. Hy-Line W-36 Commercial layers management guide. http://www.hyline.com/default.aspx.

20- Izy, J. and H. Zarghi. 2015. Comparison of regression and artificial neural network models in predicting the production performance of laying hens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science Research, 7(1): 58-65. (In Persian).

21- Jamroz, D., T. J. Wertlecki., J. Orda., A. Wiliczkiewicz, and J. Skorupińska. 2003. Influence of phatogenic extracts on gut microbial status in chickens. 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, August, Lillehammer, Norway.

22- Jugl-Chizzola, M., E. Ungerhofer., C. Gabler., W. Hagmuller., R. Chizzola., K. Zitterl-Eglseer, and C. Franz. 2006. Testing of the palatability of Thymus vulgaris L. and Origanum vulgare L. as flavouring feed additive for weaner pigs on the basis of a choice experiment. Berliner und Munchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift, 119: 238-243.

23- Karpinska, M., J. Borowski, and M. Danowska-Oziewicz. 2000. Antioxidative activity of rosemary extract in lipid fraction of minced meatballs during storage in a freezer. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 44: 38-41.

24- Lee, K., W. Everts, and A. C. Beyen. 2006. Dietary carvacrol lowers body gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 12: 394-399.

25- Lee, K. W., H. Everts., H. J. Kappert., M. Frehner., R. Losa, and A. C. Beynen. 2004. Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens. Journal of British Poultry Science, 44: 450- 457.

26- Leveille, G. A., D. R. Romsos., Y. Y. Yeh, and E. K. O’Hea. 1975. Lipid biosynthesis in the chick. A consideration of site of synthesis, influence of diet and possible regulating mechanisms. Poultry Science, 54: 1075-1093.

27- Lopez-Bote, C. J., J. I. Gray., E. A. Gomaa, and C. J. Flegal. 1998. Effect of dietary administration of oil extracts from rosemary and sage on lipid oxidation in broiler meat. British Poultry Science, 39: 235-240.

28- Mahboubi, M. and G. Haghi. 2008. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Mentha pulegium L. essential oil. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 119: 325-327.

29- Najifi, P. and M. Torki. 2010. Performance, blood metabolities and immune competance of broiler chicks fed diets included essential oils of medicinal herbs. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advance, 9: 1164-1168.

30- NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. National Academy Press, Washington. DC.

31- Ocak, N., G. Erener., F. Burak., A. M. Sungu., A. Altop, and A. Ozmen. 2008. Performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dry peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) or thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) leaves as growth promoter source. Czech Journal Animal Science, 53(4): 169-175.

32- Offord, E. A., F. Guillot., R. Aeschbach., J. Loliger, and A. M. A. Pfeifer. 1997. Antioxidant and biological properties of rosemary components: Implications for food and health. Pages 88–96 in Natural Antioxidants. Chemistry, Health Effects and Applications. F. Shahidi, ed. AOCS Press.

33- Ozer, H., M. Sökme., M. Güllüce., A. Adigüzel., F. Sahin., A. Sökmen., H. Kilic, and O. Baris. 2007. Chemical composition and antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract of Hippomarathum microcarpum (Bieb.) from Turkey. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55: 937-942.

34- Platel, K. and K. Srinivasan. 2004. Digestive stimulant action of spices: a myth or reality. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 119: 167-179.

35- Qi, G. H. and J. S. Sim. 1998. Natural tocopherol enrichment and its effect in n-3 fatty acid modified chicken eggs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46: 1920-1926.

36- Rao, R. R., K. Platel, and K. Srinivasan. 2003. In vitro influence of spices and spice-active principles on digestive enzymes of rat pancreas and small intestine. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 47: 408-412.

37- Richheimer, S. L., M. W. Bernart., G. A. King., M. C. Kent, and D. T. Bailey. 1996. Antioxidant activity of lipid-soluble phenolic diterpenes from rosemary. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 73: 507-514.

38- SAS Institute. 2003. User's guide: Statistics. Vol. 2. 9.1 ed. S.A.S Institute Cary, NC.

39- Suresh, D. and K. Srinivasan. 2007. Studies on the in vitro absorption of spice principles-curcumin, capsaicin and piperine in rat intestines. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 45: 1437-1442.

40- Wei, A. and T. Shibamoto. 2007. Antioxidant activities and volatile constituents of various essential oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55:1737-1742.

41- Yesilbag, D., S. S. Gezen., H. Biricik, and Y. Meral. 2013. Effects of dietary rosemary and oregano volatile oil mixture on quail performance, egg traits and egg oxidative stability. British Poultry Science, 54(2): 231-237.

42- Zarghi, H., A. Golian, and H. Kermanshahi. 2015. The effect of rosemary hydro-alcoholic (Rosmarinus Officinalis L.) extract on performance and egg quality in laying hens. Iranian Journal of Animal Science 46(1): 1-8. (In Persian).