اثر کادمیم و سرب بر خصوصیات کمی و درصد اسانس نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 6، دوره 9، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 31، فروردین 1396، صفحه 142-157   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i1.51330

نویسندگان

شهرام امیرمرادی¹؛ پرویز رضوانی مقدم^{* 2}؛ علیرضا کوچکی²؛ شهناز دانش³؛ امیر فتوت⁴

¹استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

²گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

³گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

⁴گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

چکیده

یکی از پیامد‌های صنعتی شدن، آلودگی محیط ‌زیست و یکی از مهمترین آلاینده‌های محیط زیست فلزات سنگین هستند که می‌توانند باعث آلودگی خاک، آب و هوا شوند. دراین تحقیق غلظت‌های کادمیم (صفر، 10،20،40،60،80،100 پی‌پی‌ام) و سرب (100،300،600،900،1200و 1500 پی‌پی‌ام) بر روی گیاه نعناع فلفلی (Mentha piperita L.) در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. ریزوم‌های نعناع فلفلی از مزرعه جمع‌آوری و در گلدان کشت شدند و توسط محلول‌های کلرید کادمیم و سرب استفاده شد. گیاهان در اوایل گلدهی در دو چین برداشت و از نظر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. درچین اول در غلظت 100 پی‌پی‌ام کادمیم، وزن تر، وزن خشک، سطح برگ، ارتفاع گیاه و درصد اسانس برگ به ترتیب 16/18، 88/25، 79/22، 91/17و 08/7 درصد و در چین دوم این صفات به ترتیب 24/15 ،92/22، 88/20، 92/22 و 08/7 درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش یافت. همچنین در چین اول، در غلظت 1500 پی‌پی‌ام سرب، وزن تر، وزن خشک، سطح برگ، ارتفاع گیاه و درصد اسانس برگ به ترتیب، 55/24، 01/39، 58/21، 55/28 و 05/15 درصد و در چین دوم این صفات به ترتیب94/28، 31/17، 72/24، 77/26 و37/13درصد نسبت به شاهد کاهش نشان داد. به نظرمی‌رسد که نعناع فلفلی در شرایط آب‌های آلوده به کادمیم و یا در خاک‌های آلوده به این عناصر سنگین در غلظت‌های متوسط می‌تواند مورد کشت قرار گیرد و اثر این عناصر سنگین اثر معنی‌داری بر تولید ماده خشک و درصد اسانس نداشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سطح برگ؛ عناصر سنگین؛ گیاهان دارویی؛ ماده خشک

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