تأثیر تراکم علف‌هرز و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های رشدی ذرت (Zea mays L.)، تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 5، دوره 9، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 34، دی 1396، صفحه 1084-1098   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v9i4.52787

نویسندگان

وحید محمدی¹؛ سجاد رحیمی مقدم^{* 2}

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

²گروه کشاورزی اکولوژیک، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر تراکم علف‌هرز و سطوح مختلف کود نیتروژن بر شاخص‌های رشدی ذرت (Zea may L.)، تاج خروس ریشه قرمز (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) و ارزن (Panicum miliaceum L.)، آزمایشی در سال 1388 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی تربیت مدرس به صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت. بر همین اساس، سه عامل کود نیتروژن (138، 184 و 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار)، گونه علف‌هرز (تاج خروس و ارزن) و تراکم علف‌هرز (به‌ترتیب 5 و 25 بوته در متر‌مربع برای تاج خروس و 5/7 و 5/37 بوته در متر مربع برای ارزن) در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار وزن ماده خشک کل (39/2429 گرم) در تیمارهای کنترل علف‌هرز و 230 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار به‌دست آمد. ذرت در رقابت با علف‌هرز ارزن بیشینه سرعت رشد محصول را در تیمار کم علف‌هرز و 138 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار کسب کرد. همچنین ذرت در رقابت با تاج خروس بیشینه سرعت رشد محصول و بیشینه سرعت رشد نسبی را به ترتیب با مقدارهای 83/30 گرم بر مترمربع در روز و 055/• گرم بر گرم در تیمار کم علف‌هرز و 138 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار کسب کرد. به‌طور کلی نتایج مشخص کرد، در مزراعی که علف‌هرزهای نیتروژن دوستی مانند تاج خروس غالب هستند، افزایش میزان مصرف کود نه تنها موجب افزایش ماده خشک و شاخص سطح برگ ذرت نمی‌شود، بلکه ضمن کاهش آن‌ها، موجبات آلودگی بیشتر محیط زیست را فراهم می‌آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رقابت؛ سرعت رشد محصول؛ شاخص سطح برگ؛ ماده خشک؛ نیتروژن دوست

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