The Effect of Water Deficit Different Levels on Antioxidant System and Lipid Peroxidation in two Species Tagetes erecta and Tagetes patula of Marigold

علوم باغبانی

Article 2, Volume 31, Issue 3, September 2017, Pages 590-598   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jhorts4.v31i3.59172

Authors

Seyyed Mousa Mousavi^{* 1}; Mehrangiz Chehrazi¹; Esmaeil Khaleghi²

¹Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

²Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: With regard to decrease of precipitation and poor distribution of rainfall during the dry phenomenon of urban, green spaces face problems. In fact, one of the most important environmental stress is drought stress at different stages of plant growth such as seed germination, seedling establishment and crop production. The effect of drought stress, plants photochemical activity ceased Calvin cycle enzymes and chlorophyll content also varies in the process of photosynthesis under drought stress. Under drought stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (O2 • -) and hydroxide (OH •) increase their accumulation in cells that can lead to oxidative stress. To neutralize ROS, antioxidant enzymes systems in plant such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) are active. The response of antioxidants depends on the lack of water, the intensity of the stress and the type of plant species. Also, it is well known that photosynthetic systems in higher plants are most sensitive to drought stress. Indeed, drought is one of the factors affecting photosynthesis and chlorophyll content. Some of researchers reported that chlorophyll might estimate influence of environmental stress on growth because these parameters were closely correlated with the rate of carbon exchange. The aim of this study was an investigation of effect of water deficit different levels on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in two species of marigold. Therefore, an experiment was carried out as factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replication at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2014 year.
Materials and methods: Experimental treatments were irrigation with three levels: 100% ETcrop (no stress), 75% ETcrop (moderate stress) and 50% ETcrop (severe stress) and two species of marigold (African and French). Catalase activity decreased absorption at a wavelength of 240 nm through catabolizing on the basis of H2O2 according to Beers and Sizer (1952). Peroxidase activity decreased absorption at a wavelength of 470 nm that was measured by using Hemeda and Kelin (1990). Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme extracted from leaf based on defects in the wavelength of 290 nm that was measured by Nakano and Asada (1987). The final product of membrane lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde concentration as the reaction thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was measured. Also, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll were calculated by Arnon’s equations and chlorophyll content index (C.C.I) was measured by chlorophyll content meter (SPAD-502).
Results and discussion: Results of analysis of variance showed that irrigation treatment had significant effect on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll (Chl a+b), chlorophyll content index and catalase peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activity and malondialdehyde while there was not significantly difference between two species of marigold on any of the measured biochemical characteristics. Also, results revealed that amount of leaf chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll (chl a+b) were reduced by increasing water deficit. In fact, amount of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, b and chlorophyll content index were higher in plants that were received 100% ETcrop than 75 and 50% ETcrop. ,The results of enzyme activity were similar to total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a and b. Amount of decreased chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in plants were received 50% ETcrop were 24% and 47.46%, compared with 100% ETcrop, respectively.
Conclusion: Result showed that different levels of irrigation were significantly different at 5% level on catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activity and malondialdehyde concentration. Catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase enzymes activity and malondialdehyde concentration were increased by reducing the amount of irrigation while there were no different between two species of marigold and interaction between species and irrigation was not effective on measured indexes.

Keywords

Drought stress; Enzymes; Irrigation; Malondialdehyde; oxidative stress

References

1- Amini Z., Hadad R., and Moradi F. 2008. The effect of drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activity in reproductive growth stages (Hordeum vulgare L.). Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 46, 74-65.

2- Arji A. 2003. Effects of drought stress on physiological characteristics, morphological and biochemical some olive varieties. Thesis Faculty of Agriculture. Tarbiat Modarres University, 213 p. (in persian)

3- Arnon A. N. 1967. Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23,112-121.

4- Asada K. 2000. The water–water cycle as alternative photon and electron sinks. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 355(1402), 1419-1431.

5- Bacelar E. A., Santaos D. L., Moutinho-Pereira J. M., Lopes J. I., Goncalves B. C., Ferreira T. C., and Correia C. M. 2007. Physiological behavior, oxidative damage and antioxidative protection of olive trees grown under different irrigation regimes. Plant Soil, 292 (1-2), 1-12.

6- Ben Ahmed C., Ben Rouina B., Sensoy S., Boukhris M., and Ben Abdallah F. 2009. Changes in gas exchange, proline accumulation and antioxidative enzyme activities in three olive cultivars under contrasting water availability regimes. Environmental and Exprimental Botany, 67(2), 345-352.

7- Bhattacharjee S., and Mukherjee A. K. 2002. Salt stress induced cytosolute accumulation, antioxidant response and membrane deterioration in three rice cultivars during early germination. Seed Science and Technology, 30(2), 279-287.

8- Bian S., and Jiang Y. 2009. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in leaves and roots of Kentucky bluegrass in response to drought stress and recovery. Scientia Horticulturae, 120(2), 264-270.

9- Breusegem F.V., Vranova E., Dat J.F., and Inze D. 2001. The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction. Plant Science, 161(3), 405-414.

10- Cook D., Fowler S., Fiehn, O. and Thomashow, M. F. 2004. A prominent role for the CBF cold response pathway in configuring the low temperature metabolome of Arabidopsis. Plant Biology, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(42), 15243-15248.

11- Cunhua S., Joui-jie S., Dan W., Wei B., and Sun Dong L. 2011. Effects on physiological and biochemical characteristic of medicinal plant pigweed by drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(17), 4041-4048.

12- Dabrowska G., Kata A., Goc A., Hebda M.S., and Skrzypek E. 2007. Characteristics of the plant ascorbate peroxidase family. Acta Biologica Cracoviensia Series Botanica, 49(1), 7-17.

13- Draikewicz M. 1994. Chlorophylase occurrence functions, mechanism of action, effect of extra and internal factors. Phtosyth, 30, 321-337.

14- Edreva A. 2005. Generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts: A submolecular approach. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 106(2), 119-133.

15- Eilkaei M. N., Habibi F., Paknejad F., Gol zardi F., Mohebbati M.A., Mashhadi akbar bojar, M. and Taleghani, F. 2010. The effects of foliar application of selenium on drought tolerance in different cultivars of red beans. Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 5 (2), 61-71. (in persian)

16- Esfandiari A., Mahboob S., Shakiba M., and Lyary H. 2009. The role of the Treasury and proline in water-soluble antioxidants protect cell membranes in water stress. Journal of Agricultural Science, 19 (2), 139-147. (in persian)

17- Fu, J. and Huang, B. 2001. Involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. Environment Experimental Botany, 45(2), 105-114.

18- Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M., and Kafi M. 2010. Practical potting, Practical potting, Volume I, Tenth Edition, p. 55. (in persian)

19- Guo Z., Ou W., Lu S., and Zhong Q. 2006. Differential responses of antioxidative system to chilling and drought in four rice cultivars differing in sensitivity. Plant Physiology Biochemistry, 44(11), 828-836.

20- Hemeda H.M., and Kelin B.P. 1990. Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on peroxidase activity of vegetables extracts. Journal of food Science. 55(1), 184-185.

21- Hojati M., Modarres-Sanavy S. A. M., Karimi M., and Ghanati F. 2011. Responses of growth and antioxidant systems in Carthamus tinctorius L. under water deficit stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 33(1), 105-112.

22- Hosseini Boldaji S. A., Khavari-Nejad R. A., Sajedi R. H., Fahimi H., and Saadatmand S. 2012. Water availability effects on antioxidant enzyme activities lipid peroxidation, and reducing sugar contents of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 34(3), 1177-1186.

23- Jiang C. D., Gao H. Y., Zou, Q., Jiang G. M., and Li L. H. 2006. Leaf orientation, photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle protect young soybean leaves against high irradiance in field. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 55(1), 87-96.

24- Kafi M., and Mahdavi Damghani, a. 2000. Mechanisms of resistance of plants to drought stress. Press Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The second edition, p 472. (in persian)

25- Kamali M., Goldani M., and Farzaneh A. 2013. The effect of different irrigation regimes on growth parameters and photosynthesis and hydrogen peroxide in Amaranthus tricolor. Journal of Soil and Water (Agricultural Science and Technology), 26(2), 309-318. (in persian)

26- Kendall E. J., and McKersie B. D. 1989. Free radical and freezing injury to cell membrance of winter physiol. Physiologia Plantarum, 76(1), 86-94.

27- Khaleghi E., arzani K., Moalemi N., and barzegar M. 2014. Effect of kaolin on fluorescence and chlorophyll content in olive (olea europaea L.) cultivars under water stress conditions Dezful. Journal of Plant (Journal of Agriculture), 37 (2), 139-127. (in persian)

28- Khan M. H., and Panda S. K. 2008. Alternations in root lipid peroxidation and antioxidative responses in two rice cultivars underNaCl-salinity stress. Acta Physiologia Plantarum, 30(1), 81-89.

29- Khanna-Chopra R., and Selote D. S. 2007. Acclimation to drought stress generates oxidative stress tolerance in drought-resistant than -susceptible wheat cultivar under field conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 60(2), 276-283.

30- Mckersie B. D., Bowley S. R., Harjanto E., and Leprince O. 1996. Water-deficit tolerance and field performance of transgenic alfalfa overexpressing superoxide dismutase. Plant Physiology, 111(4), 1177-1181.

31- Mittler R. 2002. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science, 7(9), 405-410.

32- Monakhova O. F., and Chernyadev I. I. 2002. Protective role of kartolin-4 in wheat plants exposed to soil drought. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 38(4), 373-380.

33- Nakano Y., and Asada K. 1987. Purification of ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplast: its inactivation in ascorbate-depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. Plant and Cell Physiology, 28(1): 131-140.

34- Oneill P., Shanahan J.F., and Schepers J.S. 2006. Use of chlorophyll fluorescence differentiate corn hybrid response to variable water conditions. Crop Science. 46: 681-687

35- Ozkur O., Ozdemir F., Bor M., and Turkan I. 2009. Physiochemical and antioxidant responses of the perennial xerophyte Capparis ovata Desf to drought. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66(3), 487-492.

36- Pazoki A. 2001. Evaluation and measurement of water stress on physiological traits and drought resistance indexes of two cultivars of rapeseed. Crop Physiology PhD thesis. Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Ahvaz. 258. (in persian)

37- Sairam R., Rao K., and Srivastava C. 2002. Differential response of wheat genotypes to long term salinity stress in relation to oxidative stress, antioxidant activity and osmolyte concentration. Plant Science, 163(5), 1037-1046

38- Salehi M., Kouchaki A., and Nasiri mahallati M. 1382. The amount of nitrogen and chlorophyll content as an indicator of drought stress in wheat. Journal of agricultural research, 1(2), 205-199.

39- Sayee M., Habibi D., Mashhadi akbar bojar M., Mahmoudi A., and Ardakani M.R. 2005. Determine the level of activity of antioxidant enzymes as a parameter in determining forage sorghum varieties resistant to drought stress. Background papers of the International Conference on Life Sciences Iran. (in persian)

40- Schutz M., & Fangmeier A. 2001. Growth and yield responses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Minaret) to elevated CO2 and water limitation. Environmental Pollution, 114(2): 187-194.

41- Simova–stoilova L., Vaseva I., Grigorova B., Demirevska K., and Fel1er, U. 2010. Proteolytic activity and cysteine protease expression in wheat leaves under severe soil drought and recovery. Plant physiology Biochemistry, 48(2), 200-206.

42- Smirnoff, N. 2000. Ascorbic acid: Metabolism and functions of a multi-facetted molecule. Current Opinion Plant Biologica, 3(3), 229-235.

43- Stewart R.R.C., and Bewley J.D. 1980. Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes. Plant Physiol, 65(2), 245-248.

44- Xiao X., Xu X., and Yang F. 2008. Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cothayana populations. Silva Fennica, 42, 705-719.