Responses of Photosynthesis, Cell Membrane Stability and Antioxidative Enzymes to Drought Stress and Nitrogen Fertilizer in Two Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Cultivars under Controlled Condition

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 8, Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 34, July 2014, Pages 215-228   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i2.39151

Authors

A Siosemardeh^* ; H Fateh; H Badakhshan

Abstract

In order to investigate the effects of drought stress and nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis rate and some physiological characteristics in two barley cultivars, A pot experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design as a factorial experiment with three factors including water stress, nitrogen fertilizer and barley cultivars in three replications. Irrigation treatments conducted after anthesis at two levels of control (-3 bar) and drought stress (-13 bar). nitrogen fertilizer applied in control (non fertilizer application), first level (27 mg N/Kg-1 soil) and second level (54 mg N Kg-1 soil) in two barley cultivars differing in drought resistance (drought resistance Abidar and drought susceptible CB-74-2). The results showed that drought treatment decreased photosynthesis rate, Relative Water Content (RWC) and cell membrane stability under drought and heat stress, while drought treatment increased catalase and peroxidase activity. Nitrogen treatment showed positive effects on photosynthesis rate, SPAD, RWC and cell membrane stability under heat stress. Under irrigation treatment CB-74-2 showed the better performance in photosynthesis rate, RWC and enzymatic activity comprising to Abidar cultivar, while under drought stress condition the decreasing of photosynthesis, RWC and cell membrane stability under heat stress were slower in Abidar cultivar. This cultivar showed higher peroxidase activity under drought stress in contrast to irrigation treatment. Under both control and water stress condition, a positive and significantly correlation found between grain yield and SPAD.

Keywords

Catalase; Drought resistance; Peroxidase; Relative water content

References

1- آزادفر، د.، س. ع. ا. کروری، ر. حدادچی، م. اکبرنیا و غ. ع. جلالی. 1383. بررسی فعالیت آنزیمهای پراکسیداز و آلفا-آمیلاز در مراحل مختلف رویشی گونه راش. پژوهش وسازندگی. 62: 31- 25.

2- امینی ز.، ر. حداد و مرادی ف. 1387. بررسی اثر تنش کم آبی بر نحوه فعالیت آنزیم های ضد اکسنده در مراحل رشد زایشی گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare L.). علوم و فنون کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی. 46: 74-65.

3- انصاری ی.، ف. نورمندموید، ک. نادرمحمودی، م. عظیم زاده، ه. روحی، ع. حسامی، ک. سلیمانی، غ. عابدی اصل، ه. پاشاپور، ح. پورعلی بابا، م. دهقان، م. پات پور، ا. اسکندری و ع. سالک زمانی. 1388. آبیدر، رقم جدید جو دیم برای مناطق سرد معتدل ایران. مجله به نژادی نهال و بذر. 25: 230 - 227

4- باهرنیک ز.، م. میرزا، ب. عباس زاده و م. نادری حاجی باقرکندی. 1386. تاثیر تنش خشکی بر برخی فرایندهای متابولیسمی گیاه Parthenium argentatum Gray. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و معطر ایران. (3)23: 322-315.

5- پوستینی ک.، ع. سی و سه مرده، م. زواره و ش. مداح حسینی. 1385. عملکرد گیاهان زراعی فیزیولوژی و فرآیندها. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 613 صفحه.

6- حیدری ریکان م.، ر. حیدری و ر. جامعی. 1386. بررسی مقاومت به شوری و خشکی چهار رقم جو در مرحله جوانه زنی. پژوهش و سازندگی در زراعت و باغبانی. 74: 142 – 134.

7- جباری ف.، ع. احمدی، ک. پوستینی و ه. علیزاده. 1385. بررسی ارتباط فعالیت برخی آنزیم های آنتی اکسیدانت با پایداری غشای سلولی و کلروفیل در ارقام گندم نان مقاوم و حساس به تنش خشکی. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، (2)37: 316-307.

8- سی و سه مرده ع.، ع. احمدی، ک. پوستینی و ح. ابراهیم زاده. 1383. عوامل روزنه ای و غیر روزنه ای کنترل کننده فتوسنتز و ار تباط آن با مقاومت به خشکی در ارقام گندم. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران. (1)35: 106-93.

9- میر جلیلی ع. 1384. گیاهان در محیط های تنش زا. انتشارات نوربخش. 223 صفحه.

10- Acar, O., I. Turkan, and F. Ozdemir. 2001. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in drought sensitive and resistant barley varieties. Acta physiologiae plantarum. 23(3): 351-356.

11- Bahavar. N., A. Ebadi, A. Tobeh, and S. H. Jamati Somarin. 2009. Effects of nitrogen application on growth of irrigated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under drought stress in hydroponics conditions. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences. 3(4): 448-455.

12- Bandurska, H. and H. G. Skoczek. 1995. Cell membrane stability in two barley genotypes under water stress condition. Acta societatis botanicorum poloniae. 64(1): 29-32.

13- Barraclough, P. B. and J. Kate. 2001. Effect of water stress on chlorophyll meter readings in wheat. Plant Nutrition. 92: 722-723.

14- Banisadr, N. and M. Tahir. 1991. Heat and cold tolerance in Triticum aestivum L. and T. turgidum var. Durum from Iran. 8th Wheat Genetic Symposium. Beijing, China.

15- Bewley, J. D. 1979. Physiological aspects of desiccation tolerance. Annu. Review of Plant Physiology. 30: 195-238.

16- Blum, A., G. Gozlan and J. Mayer. 1981. The manifestation of dehydration avoidance in wheat breeding germplasm. Crop Sciences 21: 495-499.

17- Blum, A. and A. Ebercon. 1981. Cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat. Crop Sciences 21: 43-47.

18- Brisson, L. F., I. Zelitch and E. A. Havir. 1998. Manipulation of catalase levels produces altered photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. Plant Physiology 116: 259-269.

19- Chance, B. and A. C. Maehly. 1995. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. In: Colowick, S. P., and N.D. Kaplan (eds). Methods in enzymology. Academic Press. New York. 764-791.

20- Crowe, J. H., J. F. Carpenter, L. M. Crowe and T. J. Anchordguy. 1990. Are freezing and dehydration similar stress vectors? A comparison of modes of interaction of stabilizing solutes with biomolecules. Crybiology 27:219-231.

21- Diego, A. M., G. Vı´llora and L. Romero. 2003. Variations in fruit micronutrient contents associated with fertilization of cucumber with macronutrients. Scientia Horticulture. 97: 121–127.

22- Ehrenbergerova, J., N. Brezinova., J. Kopacek., L. Melisova., P. Hrstkova., S. Melisova., P. Hrstkova, S. Macuchova, K. Vaculova and I. Paulichkova. 2009. Antioxdant enzymes in barley green biomass. Plant Foods Human Nutrition 64: 122-128.

23- Fazeli, F., M. Ghorbanli, V. Niknam. 2007. Effect of drought on biomass, protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in tow sesame cultivars. Journal of Biologia Plantarum. 51: 98-103.

24- Gavuzzi, P., F. Rizza, M. Palumbo, R. G. Campanile, G. L. Ricciardi and B. Borghi. 1997. Evaluation of field and laboratory predictors of drought and heat tolerance in winter cereals. Canadian Journal of plant science. 77 (4): 523-531.

25- Ghazi, N., A. Karaki, A. Al-Ajam and Y. Othman. 2007. Seed germination and early root growth of three Barely cultivars as affected by temperature and water stress. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences 2(2): 112-117.

26- Guinta, F., R. Motzo and M. Deidda. 2002. SPAD readings and associated leaf traits in durum wheat, barley and triticale cultivars. Euphytica, 125: 197 – 2-5.

27- Janda, T., E. L. Kosa, G. Szalai and E. Paldi. 2005. Investigation of antioxidant activity of maize during low temperature stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 49: 53-54.

28- Jones, H. G. 1998. Stomatal control of photosynthesis and transpiration. Journal of Experimental Botany 49: 387-398.

29- Kinaci, G. and E. Kinaci. 2005. Effect of zinc application on quality traits of barley in semi arid zones of Turkey. Plant Soils Environment 51(7): 328-334.

30- Lima, A. L. S., F. M. DaMatta, H. A. Pinheiro, M. R. Totola and M. E. Loureiro. 2002. Photochemical responses and oxidative stress in two clones of Coffea canephora under water deficit conditions. Environmental and Experimental Botany 47: 239-247.

31- Mac Adam, J. W., C. J. Nelson and R. E. Sharp. 1992. Peroxidase Activity in the leaf elongation zone of tall fescue. Plant Physiology 99:872-878.

32- Masoumi, A., M. Kafi, H. R. Khazaei, K. Davari. 2010. Effect of drought stress on water status, electrolyte Leakage and enzymatic antioxidants of Kochia (Kochia scoparia) under saline conditions. Pakistan Journal of Botany 42(5): 3517-3524.

33- Ridge, I. 2002. Water and transport in plant. In: I, Ridge, (ed.), Plants. Oxford university press 105-165.

34- Sairam, R. K., G. C. Srivastava, S. Agarval, R. C. Meena. 2005. Differences in antioxidant activity in response to salinity stress in tolerant and susceptible wheat genotypes. Biologia Plantarum. 49 (1): 85-91.

35- Savin, R. and M. E. Nicolas. 1999. Effects of timing of heat stress and drought on growth and quality of barley grains. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research. 50: 357-364.

36- Shanahan, J. F., I. B. Edwards, J. S. Quick and J. R. Fenwick. 1990. Membrane thermostability and heat tolerance of spring wheat. Crop Science. 30:247-251.

37- Schossler, J. R. and M. E. Westag. 1995. Assimilation flux determinesset at low water potential in maize. Crop Sciences. 53: 1075-1080.

38- Singh, J. and A. L. Patal. 1996. Water statuses, gaseous exchange, praline accumulation and yield of wheat in response to water stress. Annual of Botany Luhiana. 12: 77-81.

39- Shiferaw, B. and D. A. Baker. 1996. An evaluation of drought screening techniques for Eragrostis tef. Tropical Science. 36: 74-85.

40- Wang, H. and J. J. Yin. 2007. Effects of zinc deficiency and drought on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Sciences in China. 6(8): 988-995.

41- Wienhold, B. J. and J. M. Krupinsky. 1999. Chlorophyll meter as nitrogen management tools in malting barley. Communication in soil science and plant analysis. 30: 17- 18.

42- Yan, P., L. J. Wu and Z. L. Yu. 2006. Effect of salt and drought stress on antioxidant enzymes activities and SOD isoenzymes of liquorice (Glycyrrhizauralensis fisch). Plant Growth Regulation 49:157–165.

43- Yazdchi, S. 2008. Evaluation of yield and some characteristics of ten spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties under limited and non limited irrigation. Research Journal of Biological Sciences 3(12): 1456-1459.

44- Yousufzai, M. Kh., K. A. Siddiqui and A.Q. Aoomro. 2009. Flag leaf stomatal frequency and its interrelationship with yield and yield components in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany. 41(2): 663-666.