تأثیر سطوح مختلف رطوبت خاک و سوپرجاذب بر برخی از ویژگی‌های رشدی گیاه و میوه توت فرنگی (رقم سلوا)

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 1، دوره 32، شماره 4، اسفند 1397، صفحه 495-506   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v32i4.39933

نویسندگان

داود اکبری نودهی^{* 1}؛ محمد زنگویی²؛ فضل شیردل شهمیری²

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قائمشهر

²قائمشهر

چکیده

کم کردن تلفات آب و دفعات آبیاری یکی از راه­کارهای اساسی در توسعه کشاورزی و به حداقل رساندن تنش­های وارده به گیاهان محسوب می‌گردد، در این راستا یکی از این روش­ها استفاده از سوپر جاذب است. به‌منظور ارزیابی سطوح مختلف سوپرجاذب بر رشد و نمو گیاه توت فرنگی در شرایط تنش خشکی، پژوهشی در سال 1389 در استان مازندران در خاکی با بافت لومی انجام شد. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمارهای تنش خشکی شامل 30، 50 و 70 درصد تخلیه رطوبت در دسترس خاک و پنج سطح سوپرجاذب، صفر، 25/0، 5/0، 75/0 و یک درصد وزنی و در شرایط گلدانی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از سوپرجاذب بر تمام شاخص­های رشدی شامل روندک، برگ، ریشه و بوته و شاخص­های زایشی در شرایط تنش خشکی معنی­دار بود. در تمام شاخص­های رویشی به جز طول ریشه و طول روندک و تمام شاخص­های زایشی بیشترین میانگین­ها مربوط به تیمار یک درصد سوپرجاذب با 30 درصد تخلیه رطوبت بود، که به‌عنوان بهترین تیمار آزمایشی انتخاب می‌گردد. افزایش میزان مصرف سوپرجاذب باعث افزایش معنی­دار وزن میوه­ها گردید به طوری­که با مصرف 25/0 درصد وزنی سوپر جاذب عملکرد نسبت به تیمار شاهد (صفر درصد وزنی) تا چهار برابر افزایش داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیشینه تخلیه رطوبت؛ رشد رویشی و زایشی؛ عملکرد

مراجع

1- Akbari D., Mirzaee Gh.R., Shirdel F., and Tashakori A. 2008. Effect of irrigation and absorbent materials on Thomson Growth. P. 18-13. The second national conference on the management of irrigation and drainage networks. 8 to 10 Feb. 2008. Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Persian)

2- Alizadeh A. 1378. The relationship between water, soil and plants. Imam Reza University Mashhad, Iran.

3- Al-Omran A.M., Shalaby A., Wahdan H., and Choudhary M.I. 1996. Growth response of cucumber to hydrophilic polymer application under different soil moisture levels, Vegetative. Crop Production, (2): 57-64.

4- Celia de Matos R., Vinicius F.M., Antonio P.F., Flavio B.A., and Emilio S. 2006. Vegetative growth and yield of strawberry under irrigation and soil mulches for different cultivation environments. Science Agriculture, 63(5): 417-425.

5- El-Hady O.A., El-KaderA.A., and Shafi A.M. 2009. Physicobio- chemicalplantation properties of sandy soil conditioned with acrylamide hydrogels after Cucumber. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3: 3145-3151.

6- Ghasemi A., and Khoskho M. 2007. The effect of irrigation on the growth and development of chrysanthemum plant. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 8(2): 82-65.

7- Ghooshchi F., Seilsepour M., and Jafari P. 2008. Effects of water stress on yield and some agronomic traits of maize [SC 301], American-Eurasian Journal Agricultural Environment Science, 4(3): 302-305.

8- Hancock J.F., Sjulin T.M., and Lobos G.A. 2008. Temperate fruit crop breeding. Wageningen, the Netherlands, 393-437.

9- Helalia A., and Letey J. 1988; Cationic polymer effects on infiltration rates with a rainfall simulator. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 52: 247-250.

10- Hosseini N.M., Palta J.A., Berger J.D., and Siddique K.H. 2009. Sowing soil water content effects on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Seedling emergence and early growth interaction with genotype and seed size. Agricultural Water Management, 96: 1732-1736.

11- Huang B., and Fu J. 2001. Growth and physiological responses of tall fescue to surface soil drying. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal, 9: 291-296.

12- Huttermann A., Zommorodi M., and Reise K. 1999. Addition of hydrogels to soil for prolonging the survival of Pinups halepensis seedlings subjected to drought. Soil and Tillage Research, 50: 295-304.

13- Johnson M.S., and Woodhouse J. 1990. Effect of super absorbent polymers on efficiency of water use by crop seeding. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 52: 431-434.

14- Kaykhani F. 2000. The effect of super absorbent PR3005 on the quantity and quality of water and some properties of cotton. Master's thesis of Tarbiat Modarres University. Tehran, Iran.

15- Klamkowski K., and Trede W. 2006. Morphological and physiological responses of strawberry plants to water stress. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus, 71: 159-165.

16- Kochakzadeh M., Sabbagh A., Farshi A., and Ghanji Khorram A. 2000. The effect on some physical properties of soil water Frajazb polymer. Journal of Soil and Water Sciences, 14(2): 186-176. (In Persian with English abstract)

17- Liu F., Savic S., Jensen C.R., Shahnazari A., Jacobsen S.E., Stikic R., and Andersen M.N. 2007. Water relations and yield of lysimeter-grown strawberries under limited irrigation. Scientia Horticulturae, 11: 128-132.

18- Majidian M., Ghalavand A., Karimiyan N.A., and Kamkar Hghighi A.R. 2008. The effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on the yield of maize. Electronic Journal of Crop Production, 1(2): 85-67. (In Persian with English abstract)

19- Moazzen Ghamsari B., Akbari G.A, Zohoorian M.J., and Nik Niyaei A.B. 2009. Evaluation of corn forage yield and growth indices (Zea mays L.) affected by the use of different amounts of superabsorbent polymer under drought stress. Journal of Field Crop Science (Agricultural Sciences Iran), 40(3): 8-1. (In Persian with English abstract)

20- Modise D.M. 2013. Growth and expansion of strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) under water stress conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(46): 5703-5711.

21- Mohsenin N.N. 1986. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials: Structure, Physical Characteristics, and Mechanical Properties. Gordon & Breach, New York.

22- Nejatali S., Farahpor M., and Bahadori F. 2002. Effect of hydrophilic polymer on irrigation in melon. Second Conferences of Superabsorbent hydrogel. Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute. Tehran, Iran.

23- Nielsen D.C., and Nelson N.O. 1998. Black bean sensitivity to water stress at various stage. Crop Science, 38: 422-427.

24- Panayiotis A., Nektarios K., Nikolopoulou A.E., and Chronopulo S.I. 2004. Sod establishment and turf grass growth as affected by urea-formaldehyde resinfoam soil amendment. Scientia Horticulturae, 100: 203-213.

25- Pawar V.S., Patit P.O., Dahiwalker S.D., and Magar S.S. 1992. Effect of irrigation schedule based on critical growth stages on yield, quality and water use of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) on Vertis. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 62: 402–404.

26- Shafie Banj S.h., and Rahbar A. 2003. Evaluation of a hydrophilic polymer in Agriculture and Natural Resources, (a)-Impact of Polymer on growth and success Panicom phenomena. Journal Scientific- Research and Desertification of Pasture, 10: 130-110. (In Persian with English abstract)

27- Shafiei S.h. 2002. Effect of superabsorbent polymer to increase soil moisture, fertilizer efficiency, growth and plant establishment Panykvm. Second Course- teaching agricultural and industrial applications superabsorbent. Tehran, Iran. 61-54. (In Persian)

28- Sheikh Moradi F., Smaili A., and Bdosi V. 2010. Effect of irrigation and super absorbent polymer on some quality characteristics of sports turf. Journal of Horticultural Science (Agricultural Science and Technology), (2)(25): 170- 177. (In Persian with English abstract)

29- Shobeiri S.S., Ghasemi Golezani K., Ghlchin A., and Saba C. 2007. Effect of water restriction on the growth and yield of chickpea in Zanjan. Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 4(2): 32-43. (In Persian with English abstract)

30- Stern R.A.J., Vandermerwe M., Laker C., and Shainberg I. 1992. Effect of soil surface treatments of runoff and wheat yields under irrigation. Agronomy Journal, 84: 114-119.

31- Talaei A., Asadzadeh A. 2005. Effect of superabsorbent on stiffness of olive trees. Third Conference of Agricultural and Industrial Applications of Superabsorbent, 69-58. (In Persian)

32- Taylor K.C., and Halfacre R.G. 1986. The effect of hydrophilic polymer on media water retention and nutrient availability to ligustum. Horticultural Science, 21: 1159-1161.

33- Tehranifar A., Selahvarzi Y., Gazanchian A., and Arooei H. 2009. Drought resistance mechanisms of native and commercial turfgrasses under drought stress: ΙΙ. Shoot responses. Journal of Horticultural Science, 23(1): 1-9.

34- Wang Y., and Gregg L.L. 1992. Hydrophilic polymers- their response to soil amendments and effect on properties of a soilless potting mix. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 115: 943-948.

35- Woodhouse J., and Johnson M.S. 1991. Effect of superabsorbent polymers on survival and growth of crop seeding. Agriculture Water Management, 20: 63-70.

36- Yazdani F., and Alhedadi A. 2005. The effect of superabsorbent in order to reduce drought stress of soybean. Proceedings of the Ninth Congress of Soil Science .Tehran. Iran.

37- Zngvei Nasab S.h., Emami H., Starayy A., and Yari R. 2013. The effects of irrigation on some soil properties and growth hydrogel Astokvzorb and Haloxylon seedlings. Journal of Soil management and sustainable production, 3 (1): 182-167. (In Persian with English abstract)