Investigate of Rates and Time of Applying Micronutrients Fertilizer on Traits Quality and Quantity of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 17, Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 34, July 2014, Pages 305-315   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i2.21218

Authors

H Omidi^* ; T Mirzazadeh; M Roudpayma

Shahed University of Tehran

Abstract

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oilseed crops adaption on a wide range circumstance of Iran edaphic, which deficiency of micronutrients cause in its quality and quantity yield. To assign the effect of amount and utility period of micronutrients fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and characters of oil quality of safflower var Mexi141 an experiment by factorial base Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out. The factors were including foliar spraying of micronutrients fertilizer at four levels (1-Without consuming of micronutrients fertilizer or Control (F1), apply 2.5 (F2), apply 3 (F3) and 4.5 (F4) Kg.ha-1, and time of utilization (T1= 3, T2=4 and T3=5 weeks) fertilizer after silique formation arranged to plots. Results showed that the traits of start and end flowering, flowering period, the height of first reproductive branch (silique), number of lateral branch, number of grain per siliqe, siliqe diameter, grain yield, oil content and unsaturated fatty acids profile of oil were affected under rates and time of foliar spraying micronutrients fertilizer and its interaction. With rising consume of rates micronutrients fertilizer, the grain yield increased and the uppermost of its (1792.1 kg ha-1) achieved in foliar spraying of 3 kg ha-1 micronutrients fertilizer during four weeks after siliqe formation. Rate of fertilizer on unsaturated fatty acids content of oil had effect, in which the greatest amount of mono band fatty acid of oleic acid (18:1) (15.92 %) were gets without using of micronutrients or foliar spraying of at least of micronutrients fertilizer., also the highest amount (75.97 %) of diband fatty acid of linoleic acid (18:2) with using 4.5 kg.ha-1 of micronutrients, and the most of multiple band fatty acid (0.29 %) of linolenic acid (18:3) was obtained with consuming 3 kg.ha-1 of micronutrients fertilizer. Interaction effect of micronutrients fertilizer and time application of fertilizer on unsaturated fatty acids content of oil, such as linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) were significant (P≤0.01). In which, the highest amount of linoleic acid (18:2) obtained in foliar spraying of 4.5 kg.ha-1 micronutrients during 3 weeks after silique formation, and the greatest quantity of linolenic acid (18:3) achieved by foliar spraying of 2.5 kg ha-1 micronutrients during 4 weeks after siliqe formation.

Keywords

grain yield; Oil content; unsaturated fatty acids; Mmicronutrients elements

References

1- Alturkci, and M. Helal. 2004. Mobilization to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, in polluted soil. pak. Biol. Sci. 7, Pp 1972-1980.

2- Ardell D. H., J. W. Brian and L. B. Alfred. 2001. Tillage and nitrogen fertilization influence grain and soil nitrogen in an annual cropping system. Agronomy Journal. 93: 836-841

3- Babhulkar, P., K. Dinesh, W. Badole, S. Balpande, and D. Kar. 2000. Effect of sulfur and zinc on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by safflower in vertisols. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 48: 541-543.

4- Baldini, M., R. Giovanardi and G. Vannozzi. 2000. Effect of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids. In: Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference, Toulouse I, and A79–84.

5- Borges, I.D., R. C. Von Pinho, and A. R. Pereira. 2009. Micronutrients accumulation at different maize development stages. Science. Agrotecnic. Lavras, 33(4):1018-1025.

6- Brown, J., and D. Wysocki. 2003. Identifying superior brassica species and cultivars within species that are suitable for direct seeding throughout the Pacific Northwest region. STEEP. Annual Report. Agnew. Botanic 61, 287_303.

7- Burnell, J., R.Graham, R. Hannam, and N. Vern. 1988. The biochemistry of manganese in plants. Manganese in soil and plants, Pp 125-137.

8- Burton, W. A, P. Salisbury and D. Potts 2003. The potential of canola quality Brassica juncea as an oilseed crop for Australia. Proceedings 13 Th Biennial Australian Research Assembly on Brassicas, Tamworth, N.S.W. pp. 62-64. Bendigo, 129-133.

9- Cakmak, I. 2008. Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic bio-fortification? Plant Soil, 302, Pp 1–17.

10- Camas, N., and E. Esendal. 2006. Estimates of broad-sense heritability for seed yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Hereditas, 143, Pp 55-57.

11- Colbach, N., C. Clermont -Dauphin and J. M. Meynard. 2001 .A model of the influence of cropping system on gene escape from herbicide tolerant rapeseed crops to rape volunteers: I. Temporal evolution of a population of rapeseed volunteers in a field. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 83, 235-253

12- Daniel J. C. Miralles, Brenda Ferro and A. Gustavo Slafer. 2001. Developmental responses to sowing date in wheat, barley and rapeseed. Field Crops Research, 71, 3, 211-223.

13- Dwivedi, S., H. Upadhyaya and D. Hegde, 2005. Development of core collection using geographic information and morphological descriptors in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) germplasm. Crop Evol, 52, Pp 821-830.

14- Firozeh, F., A. H., Shirani Rad, A. Razaie, M. R. Naderi, and S. A. Bani Taba. 2006. Effect of planting pattern on grain yield and its components in spring safflower in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 8 (3), Pp 259-267.

15- Gadallah, M. 2000. Effects of indole-3-acetic acid and zinc on the growth, osmotic potential and soluble carbon and nitrogen components of soybean plants growing under water deficit. Arid Environ, 44, Pp 451–467.

16- Govaerts, C., and J. Lemey. 2000. Characterization of triglycerides Isolated from jojoba oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 77, 1325-1328.

17- Graham, A. and G. K. Mcdonald. 2000. Effects of zinc on hotosynthesis and yield of wheat under heat stress. Aust. Agron. Conf, Pp 27-33.

18- Gunstone, F. D., J. L. Harwood, and A. J. Dijkstra. 2007. (eds.) The Lipid Handbook (Third Edition) (Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, Fl,

19- Hernan, S. R., E. E. Hernan, A. S. Guillermo, and D. German. 2000. Evaluation of the presidedress soil nitrogen test for no-tillage maize fertilizer at planting. Agronomy Journal, 92: 1176-1183.

20- Izquierdo, I., F. Caravaca, M. M. Alguacil and A. Roldn. 2003. Changes in physical and biological soil quality indicators in a tropical crop system (Havana, Cuba) in response to different agroecological management practices, Environ. Manag. 32, 639–645.

21- Kaya, C. and D. Higgs. 2002. Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivarsto foliar application of zinc when grown in sand culture at low zinc. Sci. Hortic, 93, Pp 53–64.

22- Khan, H., G. McDonald, and Z. Rengel. 2003. Zn fertilization improves water use efficiency, grain yield and seed Zn content in chickpea. Plant Soil, 249, Pp 389-400.

23- Krishnappa, M., C., Srinivasan, & I.Sastry, 1994. Effect of Macro and Micronutrients on oil content groundnut. Agricultural Sciences, 23, Pp 7-9.

24- Lewis, D. and J. McFarlane. 1986. Effect of foliar applied manganese on the growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.) and the diagnosis of manganese deficiencyby plant tissue and seed analysis. Aust. Agric. Res, 37, Pp 567–572.

25- Lidon, F. and M. Teixerira. 2000. Rice tolerance to excess Mn: implication in thechloroplast lamellae synthesis of a novelMn protein. Plant Physiol. Biochem, 38, Pp 969–978.

26- Mcnall, L. R. 1967. Foliar application of micronutrients. Fertilizer 11 (6), Pp 10-13.

27- Mirzapour, M. and A. Khoshgoftar. 2006. Zinc application effects on yield and seedoil content of sunflower grown on a saline calcareous soil. Plant Nutr, 29, Pp 1719–1727.

28- Mortvedt, G. G. 1986. Iron sources and management practices for correcting iron chlorosis problems. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 9, Pp 691-974.

29- Naderi darbagshahi, M., G., Nor mohamadi, A. Majidi, F. Datvish, A. Shirani rad, and H. Madani. 2004. Study of plant density and drought stress effect on 3 line ecophysiology attributes of safflower in summer plant in Esfahan. Plant and Seed,2(3) , Pp 281-296

30- Norabadi, A., D. Tagvavi, A. Hasan zade gort tape, and F. Helali. 2009. Plant history and Nutrition spray effect for seed yield and yield component of Azargol character sunflower. Research magazine in Agriculture Sciences(4), Pp 51-59.

31- Omidi H., Z. Tahmasebi, H. A. Naghdi Badi, H. Torabi, and M. Miransari. 2010. Fatty acid composition of canola (Brassica napus L.), as affected by agronomical, genotypic and environmental parameters. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333, (3), Pp 248-254.

32- Omidi, H., A. Soroushzadeh, A. Salehi, F. A. D. Ghezeli. 2005. Rapeseed germination as affected by osmopriming pretreatment. Agricultural Sciences and Technology. 19(2):125-136.

33- Pandey, N., G. Pathak, and C. Sharma. 2006. Zinc is critically required for pollenfunction and fertilisation in lentil. Trace Elem. Med. Biol, 20, Pp 89–96.

34- Pinto, A., M. Mota, and A. Varennes. 2005. Influence of organic matter on the uptakc of zinc, copper and iron by Sorghum plants. Sci. Total Environ, 326, Pp 239-247.

35- Roldn, J., R. M. Salinas-Garca, M. Alguacil, and F. Caravaca. 2005. Changes in soil enzyme activity, fertility, aggregation and C sequestration mediated by conservation tillage practices and water regime in a maize field. Applied Soil Ecology. 30, 11-20.

36- Sagare, B., Y. Guhe, and A. Ater. 1990. Yield and nutrient harvest by sunflower in response to sulphur and magnesium application in typical chromusterts. Annals of Plant Physiology, 4, Pp 15-21.

37- Sarkar, D., B. Mandal, and M. Kundu. 2007. Increasing use efficiency of boron fertilizers by rescheduling the time and methods of application for crops in India. Plant and Soil, 301, Pp 77-85.

38- Scott, D.J., da B. M. T., S. C., Costa, Espy, J. D. Keasling, and K. Cornish, 2003. Activation and inhibition of rubber transferases by metal cofactors and pyrophosphate substrates. Phytochemistry, 64, 123-134.

39- Sultana, N., T. Ikeda, and M. Kashem. 2001. Effect of foliar spray of nutrient solutions on photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and yield in seawater-stressed rice. Environ, 46, Pp 129-140.

40- Tobares, L., C. A., Guzmn, D. M., Maestri. 2002. Caracterizacin de las ceras de jojoba de produccin Argentina obtenidas mediante differences metodologıas. Aceites Grasas 49, 516520.

41- Weiss, E. 2000. Oilseed Crops. Blackwell Publishing Limited, London, UK.

42- Wissuwa, M., A. Ismail, and R. Graham. 2008. Rice grain zinc concentrations as affected by genotype native soil-zinc availability, and zinc fertilization. Plant Soil, 306, Pp 37-48.

43- Yari, L., A. Modarres sanavi, and A. Sorushzade. 2004. Effect of Mn and Zn foliar fertilizer application in charateristics of spring safflower five species, Water and Soil, 18, Pp 143-151.