The Effect of Crop Seed Rate and Post Emergence Herbicide Application on Weed control and grain yield of Wheat

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 7, Volume 31, Issue 1 - Serial Number 35, March 2017, Pages 117-123   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v31i1.53092

Authors

M. Babaei; S. Saeedipour^*

islamic azad university shoushtar branch

Abstract

Introduction Interference weed with crop is a major concern for production in croplands particularly where modern agricultural practices such as mechanical weeding and the application of herbicides are limited. At present, the aim of weed management is to keep weed population at an acceptable level rather than to keep crop totally free of weeds. Among the weed control methods, the chemical control is the easiest one of the recent origins, as well the most successful alternative method.
Materials and methods Field experiments were conducted at Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Iran (32 0 3´ N, 480 50´ E) during winters of 2012-2013 in order to evaluate the effect of sulfosulfuron and sulfosulfuron plus metsulfuron-methyl at 30 and 45 g a.i. ha-1, respectively, and wheat seed rate at 180, 200 and 220 kg ha-1 on weed control. Experiments were carry out in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement and four replicates. The plot size was 6 m × 2 m. The soil was a clay loam texture, pH 7.4 and 0.6 % organic matter content. In the experimental site, the 30-year average annual rainfall is 321.4 mm, daily average annual air temperature is minimum and maximum 9.5 °C and 46.3 °C, respectively. Wheat cv. Chamran was planted in the first fortnight of November. Seedbed preparation consisted of moldboard plowing, disking and leveling. A basal fertilizer rate of 125 kg ha-1 N (form of urea (46% N)), 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 (diammonium phosphate (18% N; 46% P2O5)), and 60 kg K2O ha-1 (sulfate of potash (50% K2O)) was applied. The whole P and K and half of N were applied at sowing. The remaining half of N was top dressed with the irrigation at the booting stage.
Results and Discussion As the crop population brings competition for limited resources with the weeds, we tested different seeding rates to increase crop plant density as a measure to control weeds. The weed population was significantly affected by seed rate. In general, there was an inverse relationship between weed density (p

Keywords

Crop weed competition; grain yield; Seed rate; Weed dry weight

References

1- Ahmad S., Cheema Z.A., Iqbal R.M. and Kund F.M. 2001. Study of different weedicides for the control of broadleaved weeds in wheat, Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 7(2): 1-25.

2- Baghestani M.A., Zand E., Soufizadeh S., Beheshtian M., Haghighi A., Barjasteh A., Birgani D.G. and Deihimfard R. 2008. Study on the efficacy of weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with tank mixtures of grass herbicides with broadleaved herbicides, Crop Protection, 27: 104-111.

3- Barroso J., Ruiz D., Escribano C., Barrios L. and Fernandez- Quintanilla C. 2009. Comparison of three chemical control strategies for Avena sterlis ssp. ludoviciana, Crop Protection, 28: 393-400.

4- Bavar M. 2008. Effects of planting date density on growth indices and yield component of hull- less barley. The Thesis of M.Sc. degree, University of Agriculture Science National Research, Gorgan, 62p.

5- Blackshaw R.E., Stobbe E.H. and Sturko A.R.W. 1981. Effect of seeding dates and densities of green foxital (Setaria viridis) on the growth and productivity of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) , Weed Science,29: 212-217.

6- Bruce J.A., Boyd J., Penner D. and Kells J.J. 1996. Effect of growth stage and environment of foliar absorption, translocation, metabolism, and activity of nicosulfuron in quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) , Weed Science, 44: 447–454.

7- Carlson H.L. and Hill J.E.1985.Wild oat (Avena fatuva L.) competition with spring wheat: plant density effect, Weed Science, 33:176-181.

8- Cheema M.S. and Akhtar M. 2005. Efficacy of different post emergence herbicides and their application methods in controlling weeds in wheat, Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research,11(1-2): 23-30.

9- Chen C., Neil K., Wichman D. and Westcott M.2008. Hard red spring wheat response to row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen, Agronomy Journal, 100:1296-1302.

10- Chhokar R.S., Singh S. and Sharma R.K. 2008. Herbicides for control of isoproturon resistant little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) in wheat, Crop Protection, 27: 719-726.

11- Cudney D.W., Jordan L.S., Holt J.S. and Reints J.S.1989. Competitive interactions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and wild oats (Avena fatua L.) grown at different densities, Weed Science, 37: 538-543.

12- Guillen-Portal F.R., Stougaard R.N., Xue Q. and Eskridge K.M. 2006. Compensatory mechanisms associated with the effect of spring wheat seed size on wild oat competition, Crop Science,46: 935-945.

13- Guillermo D.A., Pedersen P. and Hartzler R.G. 2009. Soybean seeding rate effects on weed management, Weed Technology, 23: 17-22.

14- Khaliq A., Matloob A., Tanveer A., Areeb A., Aslam F. and Abbas N. 2011. Reduced doses of a sulfonylurea herbicide for weed management in wheat fields of Punjab, Pakistan, Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 71: 424-429.

15- Khaliq A., Matloob A., Mahmood S., Abbas R.N. and Khan M.B. 2012. Seeding density and herbicide tank mixtures furnish better weed control and improve growth, yield and quality of direct seeded fine rice, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 14: 499-508.

16- Krikland K.J, Holm F.A. and Stevenson F.C. 2000. Appropriate crop seeding rate when herbicide rate is reduced, Weed Technology, 14: 692-698.

17- Kristensen L., Olsen J. and Weiner J.2008. Crop density, sowing pattern, and nitrogen fertilization effects on weed suppression and yield in spring wheat, Weed Science, 56:97–102.

18- Lemerle D., Cousens R.D., Gill G.S., Peltzer S.J., Moerkerk M., Murphy C.E., Collins D. and Cullis B.R.2004. Reliability of higher seeding rates of wheat for increased competitiveness with weeds in low rainfall environments, Journal of Agricultural Science, 142: 395–409.

19- Mahajan G., Gill M.S. and Singh K. 2010. Optimizing seed rate to suppress weeds and to increase yield in aerobic direct-seeded rice in northwestern indo-gangetic plains, Journal of New Seeds, 11: 225-238.

20- Medd R.W., Van de Ven R., Pickering D.I. and Nordblom T.L. 2001. Determination of environment-specific dose response relationships for clodinafop-propargyl on Avena spp, Weed Research, 41: 351–368.

21- Mohler C.L. 1996. Ecological bases for the cultural control of annual weeds, Journal of Production Agriculture, 9: 468-474.

22- Mushabar Z., Ahmad I. and Hassan G. 2000. Efficacy of different herbicides for controlling broad-leaved weeds in wheat. M.Sc Thesis, Deptt. Agron. Gomal Univ. D. I. Khan, Pakistan.

23- Olsen J.M., Griepentrog H.W., Nielsen J. and Weiner J.2012. How important are crop spatial pattern and density for weed suppression by spring wheat? Weed Science, 60: 501-509.

24- Omezzine F., Rinez A., Ladhari A., Farooq M. and Haouala R. 2011. Allelopathic potential of Inula viscosa against crops and weeds, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 13: 841-849.

25- Roberts J.R., Peeper T.F. and Solie J.B.2001. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) row spacing, seeding rate, and cultivar affect interference from rye (Secale cereal L.), Weed Technology, 15:19-25.

26- Santos B.M. 2009. Drip-applied metam potassium and herbicides as methyl bromide alternatives for Cyperus control in tomato, Crop Protection,28: 68-71.

27- Satorre H.E. and Slafer G.A.2000. Wheat, Ecology and physiology of yield determination, Published by Food Product Press, 503 p.

28- Scurson J.A. and Satorre E.H. 2005. Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) competition is affected by crop and weed density, Weed Technology, 19: 790-795.

29- Shahid I., Awan I.U. and Ahmad E. 2005. Screening of different herbicides for controlling weeds in wheat crop M.Sc Thesis, Deptt. Agron. Gomal Univ. D.I. Khan, Pakistan.

30- Skuterud R., Bjugstad N., Tyldum A. and Torresen K.S. 1998. Effect of herbicides applied at different times of the day, Crop Protection, 17: 41–46.

31- Stougaard R.N. and Xue Q.2004. Spring wheat seed size and seeding rate effects on yield loss due to wild oat (Avena fatua L.) interference, Weed Science, 52: 133-141.

32- Tottman D.R., Orson J.H., Green M.C.E. and Martin T.D. 1998. The effect of weather conditions on the control of Galium aparine (cleavers) in winter wheat with fluroxypyr ester and mecoprop salt,Aspects of Applied Biology, 18: 109–116.

33- Xie H.S., Hsiao A.I. and Quick W.A. 1997. Influence of drought on graminicide phytotoxicity in wild oat (Avena fatua) grown under different temperature and humidity conditions, Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 16: 233-237.