The Control of Broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Farms

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 8, Volume 12, Issue 3 - Serial Number 35, October 2014, Pages 476-483   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i3.22641

Authors

K. Shirdel¹; Sh Amani^{* 2}; M Yarnia¹; A Javanshir³; A Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab³

¹Islamic Azad University, Tabriz

²Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

³Tabriz University

Abstract

Broomrape would have irreversible effects on tomatoes in all growth stages and the damage would be unrecoverable. In order to chemically control Orobanche spp with consumption of bio-fertilizer in tomato cultivation, an experiment as factorial based on complete randomized blocks design in three replications and 12 plots was carried out at a farm which is located in Mahabad city (Iran). In this experiment, the experimental factors were including: A- sulfosulfuron 35 g/ha in three levels (application, at 40 days after transplanting of seedlings, application at 60 days and after sample transplanting without any chemical spraying), B and C: bio- fertilizers, Barvar -2 and Nitrajin in two levels (application and non-application of bio-fertilizer), were taken place. The results showed that Sulfosulfuron treatment at the rate of 35 gr/ha, with- twice application of 40 and 60 days after transplanting of seedlings decreased the biomass of Orobanche aegyptiaca in surface level and also it was possible to decrease the biomass per tomato bush and Orobanche aegyptiaca biomass to amount of 75%, 57% and 60% respectively compare to the main treatment without applying any kind of spray application. The applied bio-fertilizer-2 decreased the amount of fruit and economical function of tomato. The applying phosphate biofertilizer-2 resulted in a decrease in economical function of Lycopersicum esculentum and number of ripen fruits. However none of the applied treatment was influential on diameter and weight of ripen fruits.

Keywords

Chemically control; Orobanche aegyptiaca; Bio-fertilizer; Nitrajin biofertlizer; Sulfosulfuron herbicide

References

1- امیری، س.، م. نبوی و ل. علیمرادی. 1389، بررسی کارآیی علف‌کش‌های سولفوسولفورون، ریم سولفورون و نیکو‌ سولفورون برای مبارزه با گل جالیز در زراعت گوجه‌فرنگی. نشریه‌ی بوم شناختی علف‌های هرز 1: 5-1.

2- خسروی، ه. 1380. کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک در زراعت غلات. مجموعه مقالات ضرورت تولید صنعتی کودهای بیولوژیک در کشور. 194-179.

3- Abu- Irmaileh, B. E. 1981. Response of hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) infestation to some nitrogenous compounds. Weed Science. 29: 8-10.

4- Amsllem, Z., Y. Kleifeld, Z. Kerenyi, L. Hornok, Y. Goldwasser, and J. Gressel. 2001. Isolation, identification, and activy of mycoherbical pathogens from juvenile bromorape plants. Biological Control. 21: 274-284.

5- Baker, E. 2006. Nitrogen uptake characteristics of corn roots at low N concentration as influenced by plant age. Agronomy. J. 132: 17-19.

6- Barker, E. R., M. C. Press, J. D. Scholes, and W. P. Quick. 1996. Interactions between parasitic angiosperm Orobanche aegyptiaca and its tomato host: growth and biomass allocation. New Phytologist. 133: 637-642.

7- Boschin, G., A. D. Agostina, C. Antonioni, D. Locati, and A. Arnoldi. 2007. Hydrolytic degradation of azimsulfuron a sulfonylurea herbicide. Chemosphere. 68: 1312–1317.

8- Eizenberg, H., Y. Goldwasser, G. Achdari, and J. Hershenhorn. 2003. The potential of sulfosulfuron to control troublesome weeds in tomato. Weed Technology. 17: 133-137.

9- Eizenberg, H., J. B. Colquhoun, and C. Mallory-smith. 2005. A predictive degree-deys model for small broomrape (Orobanche minor) parasitism in Red clover Oregon. Weed Science. 53: 37-40.

10- Foy, C. L., R. Jain, and R. Jacobshon. 1989. Recent approaches for chemical control of broomrape (Orobanche spp.). Revivws of weed Science. 4: 123-152.

11- Goldwasser, Y., H. Eizenberg, J. Hershenhorn, D. Plakhine, T. Bluefield, H. Boxhaul, S. Golan and Y. Kleifeld. 2001. Control of (Orobanche aegyptiaca) and o. ramosa in potato. Crop protection. 20:403-410.

12- Goldwasser, Y. and Y. Kleifeld. 2004. Recent approaches to Orobanche management: a review. Weed Biology and Management (ed. Inderjit). 439–466. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Germany.

13- Haidari, M., M. M. Sidahmad, R. Darwish, and A. Lafta. 2005. Selective control of Orobanche ramose in potato with rimsulfuron and sublethal doscs of glyphosate. Crop Protection. 24: 743-747.

14- Hazarika, D. K., N. C. Taluk Dar, A. K. Phookan, U. N. Saikia, B. C. Das, and P. C. Deka. 2000. Influence of vesicular arbascular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate solubilizng bacteria on nursery establishment and growth of tea seedlings in assam. Symposium no. 12, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat- Assam, India.

15- Hershenhorn, J., D. Plakhine, Y. Goldwasser, J. H. Westwood, C. L. Foy, and Y. Kleifeld. 1997. Effect of sulfonylurea herbicides on early development of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca) in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Weed Technology. 12: 108-114.

16- Hershenhorn, J., Y. Goldwasser, D. Plakhine, R. Ali, T. Blumenfeld, H. Bucsbaum, G. Herzlinger, S. Golan, T. Chilf, H. Eizenberg, E. Dor, and Y. Kleifeld. 1998. (Orobanche aegyptiaca) control in tomato fields with sulfonylurea herbicides. Weed Research. 38: 343-349.

17- Ishisuka, J. 1992. Trends in biological nitrogen fixation research and application. Plant and Soil. 141: 197-200.

18- Lins, R. D., J. Colquhoun, and C. A. Mallory-Smith. 2006. Investigation of wheat as a trap crop for control of Orobanche minor. Weed research. 46:313-318.

19- Musselman, L. J. 1980. The biological of Striga, Orobanche and other root parasitic weeds. Anu. Rev. Phitopathology. 18: 463- 489.

20- Nandula, V. K. 1998. Selective control of Egyptian broomrape (Orobanche aegyptiaca Pers) by glyphosate and its Amino Acid status in relation to selected hosts. Doctor of philosophy plant pathology, physiology and weed science thesis, University of Blacksburg, Virginia. pp. 311.

21- Nazari, M., M. Montazeri, S. H. Nazer Kakhki, and M. Baghestani. 2010. Investigation on The Effect of Herbicide SulfoSolforon in control of Egyptian Broomrape in Tomato. 19th Iranian Plant Protection Congress. 2-31 Aug 2010. 3: 70. (In Farsi)

22- Plenchette, C. C. 1996. External phosphorus requirement of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal barley and soybean plants. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 21: 303-308.

23- Ratti, N., S. Kumar, H. N. Verma, and S. P. Gautam. 2001. Improvement in bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate to Cymbopogon martinii var. motia by rhizobacteria, AMF and Azospirillum inoculation. Microbiological Research. 156: 145-149.

24- Ross, K. C., J. B. Colquhoun, and C. A. Mallory-Smith. 2004. Small broomrape (Orobanche minor) germination and early development in response to plant species. Weed Science. 52: 260-266.

25- Sauerborn, J. 1991. The economic importance of the phytoparasites orobanche and striga. In: proceedings, 5th International Symposium in Parasitice Weeds, cimmyt. nairobi, Kenya. Pp.137-143.

26- Seilsepour, M., E. Baniani, and M. Kianirad. 2002. Effectbof phosphate solubilixing microorganism (psm) in reducing the of phosphate fertilizers application to cotton crop. Proceeding of the 15th international meeting on microdbial phosphate solubilization Salananca University. 16-19 july,salananca, spain.

27- Sharma, A. K. 2002. Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India. 407 p.

28- Sprent, J. and P. Sprent. 1990. Nitrogen Fixation Organisms. Chapman and Hall, New York. 323 p.

29- Ter borg S. J. 1986. Effects of environmental factors on Orobanche-host relationships; a review and some recent results. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Biology and Control of Orobanche, Wageningen, The Netherlands: LH/-VPO. Pp. 57–69.

30- Toro, M., R. Azcon, and J. M. Barea. 1997. Improvement of arbuscular mycorrhiza development by inoculation of soil with phosphatesolubilizing rhizobacteria to improve rock phosphate bioavailability and nutrient cycling. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 63 (11): 4408-4412.

31- Westwood, J. H. and C. L. Foy. 1999. Influence of nitrogen on germination and early development of broomrape (Orobanche spp.). Weed Science. 47: 2-7.

32- Wu, S. C., Z. H. Coa, Z. G. Li, K. C. Cheung, and M. H. Wong. 2005. Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P. and K. solubilizers and fungion maize growth. Geoderma. 125: 155-166.

33- Yahya, A. J. and S. Azawi Al K. 1989. Occurrence of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in some Iraqi soils. Plant and soil. 117: 135-141.