واکنش تابعی کفشدوزک شش لکه‌ای زیگزاگی،Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius) (Col.: Coccinellidae) با تغذیه از شته سبز انار،Aphis punicae Pass. (Hem.: Aphididae) در دماهای مختلف

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 2، دوره 31، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 36، تیر 1396، صفحه 179-190   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v0i0.41174

نویسندگان

سعیدالسادات فاطمی¹؛ محمد امین سمیع^{* 2}

¹دانشجوی پیشین کارشناسی ارشد گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

²دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان

چکیده

شته سبز انار، Aphis punicae Pass. عمومی‌ترین آفت درختان انار محسوب می‌گردد که در تمامی انارستان‌های کشور وجود دارد و در بعضی از سال‌ها، در باغ‌هایی که شرایط برای رشد و تکثیر آفت فراهم باشد باعث خسارت می‌گردد. در این پژوهش، واکنش تابعی کفشدوزک شکارگر Menochilus sexmaculatus نسبت به تراکم‌های مختلف پوره‌های سن سه و چهار شته سبز انار به‌عنوان طعمه در دماهای 20، 5/22، 25، 5/27، و 30 (1±) برای ماده‌های بالغ 10 روزه و 25 و 5/27 (1±) درجه سلسیوس برای لاروهای سن سه و چهار و رطوبت نسبی 5±65 درصد و دوره نوری 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی بررسی شد. تراکم‌های استفاده شده برای لارو سن سه و چهار کفشدوزک شامل 2، 4، 8، 16، 32، 64، 100 و 128 طعمه و برای ماده بالغ و حشرات کامل نر و ماده 10 روزه شامل 8، 16، 32، 64، 100 و 128 طعمه بود و میزان تغذیه در هر تراکم پس از 24 ساعت ثبت شد. نوع واکنش‌تابعی به‌وسیله رگرسیون لجستیک و تخمین فراسنجه از طریق رگرسیون غیر خطی تعیین شد. واکنش تابعی تمامی مراحل مختلف رشدی کفشدوزک در تمام دماها از نوع دوم بود. نتایج نشان داد که دما در واکنش شکارگر به تراکم طعمه موثر بود و قدرت جستجوگری از دمای 5/22 تا دمای 5/27 افزایش یافت. بیش‌ترین و کمترین مقدار قدرت جستجوگری به ترتیب 14/0 و 05/0 بار در ساعت توسط حشرات بالغ ماده در دمای به ترتیب 5/27 و 5/22 درجه سلسیوس و برای زمان دستیابی به ترتیب 26/0 و 018/0 ساعت در دمای به ترتیب 20 و 5/22 درجه سلسیوس به‌دست آمد. بنابراین با نگرش به قدرت جستجوگری، دمای 5/27 درجه سلسیوس مناسب‌ترین دما برای فعالیت شکارگری این کفشدوزک در طبیعت در نظر گرفته می‌شود و مرحله رشدی حشرات کامل و لارو سن چهار بهترین مرحله است و در برنامه مهار زیستی شته سبز انار با این کفشدوزک در خور نگرش است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که کفشدوزک زیگزاگی شش‌لکه‌ای احتمالاً می‌تواند گزینه مناسبی برای مهار زیستی شته سبز انار در برنامه مدیریت تلفیقی آفات باغ‌های انار باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

زمان دستیابی؛ قدرت جستجوگری؛ شکارگر

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