Effect of Salt Stress on Growth, Photosynthesis, Gas Exchanges and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Insugar Beet(Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars in the Seedling Stage under Controlled Condition

پژوهشهای زراعی ایران

Article 6, Volume 12, Issue 4 - Serial Number 36, January 2015, Pages 621-631   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/gsc.v12i4.45145

Authors

N Asadi Nasab^{* 1}; P Hassibi¹; H Roshanfekr¹; M Meskarbashee²

¹University of Shahid Chamran

²Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Abstract

According to continuing of drought phenomenon, global warming and dust storms resulted in salining increasing of arable lands, because it’s necessary to know some physiological mechanisms in sugar beet under salt stress,this experiment was conducted to investigation of effect of salinity on growth characteristics, respiration, gas exchange and photosynthesis in three sugar beet cultivars (BR1, Jolgeh and Rasoul) in the 2010 growing season, in greenhouse of Shahid Chamran University as the factorial design based on randomized complete block with three replications.35 days sugar beet seedlings were kept for eight weeks under three salinity levels including control (zero), 100, and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl). Salinity Stress reduced shoot and root dry matter and leaf area significantly. With increasing of salinity, the rate of photosynthesis (carbon dioxide assimilation), stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration rate decreased, but respiratory rate, leaf temperature and SPAD value increased. The results showed that Quantum yield of PSII(ФPSII) decreased by increasing of salinity level, meanwhile Non-Photo Chemical Quenching (NPQ) increased.Accordingto theresults, theconcentration of 200mMsodium chloride, had a highnegative correlation betweenrootdry matter(r=-0.95**)stress susceptibility index. Meansanyreductionindry matter accumulationincreasedinstress susceptibility index.Lowerlevelsofstress susceptibility indexshowingmoretolerance of cultivar tosalinity stress. Based on stress susceptibility index (SSI), in the concentration of 200 mM sodium chloride, cultivars Rasoul, BR1 and Jolgeh are tolerant, semi-tolerant respectively and sensitive were identified. In the end, it seems that root dry weight, can be use as a criterion for salinity resistance of sugar beet cultivars.

Keywords

Chlorophyll fluorescence; CO2 Assimilation; salinity; Sugar beet; Transpiration

References

1- حسیبی، پ.، ف. مرادی، و م. نبی پور. 1386. غربال کردن ژنوتیپ های برنج برای تحمل به تنش دمای پایین با استفاده از فلئورسانس کلروفیل. مجله علوم زراعی ایران. جلد 9، شماره 1، صفحات 31-14.

2- دادخواه، ع. 1385. تاثیر تنش شوری بر رشد،ظرفیت فتوسنتز و هدایت روزنه ای برگ در گیاه چغندرقند. دانش کشاورزی. جلد 16، شماره اول، صفحات 15-24.

3- کوچکی، ع. و م. نصیرمحلاتی. 1371. اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی. جلد اول، چاپ اول، انتشارات گوتنبرگ، صفحات 205-203.

4- Chaves, M. M., J. Flexas, and C. Pinheiro. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany. 103: 551-560.

5- Cramer, G.R., and R.S. Nowak. 1992. Supplemental manganese improves the relative growth, net assimilation and photosynthetic rates of salt-stressed barley. Journal of Plant Physiology. 84:600-605.

6- Dadkhah, A., and H. Moghtader. 2008. Growth and Gas Exchange Response of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Cultivars Grown Under Salt Stress. Photosynthesis. Energy from the Sun

14th International Congress on Photosynthesis.10.1007/978-1-4020-6709-9-308. Pages1431-1434. SpringerLink.

7- Fischer, R.A., and R. Maurer.1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield response. AustralianJournal of Plant Physiology. 29:897-912.

8- Ghoulam, C., A. Foursy, and K. Fares. 2002. Effects of salt stress on growth, inorganic ions and proline accumulation in relation to osmotic adjustment in five sugar beet cultivars. Environmental and Experimental Botony. 47: 39-50.

9- Jamil, M., R. Shafiqand, and E.S. Rha. 2007. Salinity effect on plant growth, PSII photochemistry and chlorophyll content in sugar beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) and cabbage (Brassica Oleracea Capitata L.) .Pakistan Journal of Botany. 39(3): 753-760.

10- Joao- Correia, M., M. Leonor- Osorio, J. Osorio, I. Barrote, M. Martins, and M.M. David. 2006. Influence of transient shade periods on the effect of drought on photosynthesis, carbohydrate accumulation and lipid peroxidation in sunflower leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany. 58:75-84.

11- Khan, M.G., M. Silberbush, and S.H. Lips. 1998. Response of alfalfa to potassium, calcium and nitrogen under stress induced by sodium chloride. Plant Biology. 40: 251-259.

12- Maxwell, K., and G.N. Johnson. 2000. Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide. Journal of Experimental Botany. 51(345): 659-668.

13- Ommen, O.E., A. Donnelly, S. Vanhoutvin, M. Vanoijen, and R. Manderscheid. 1999. Chlorophyll content of spring wheat flag leaves grown under elevated CO2 concentrationandother enviromental stress with in `ESPACE-whaet` project. European Journal of Agronomy. 10: 197-203.

14- Ort, D.R. 2002. Chilling- induce limitations on photosynthesis in warm climate plants: Contrasting mechanisms. Environmental Control in Biology. 40: 7-18.

15- Qasim, M., M. Ashraf, M.A. Jamil, M.Y. Ashraf, S.U. Rahman, and E.S. Rha. 2003. Water relations and leaf gas exchange properties in some elite canola (Brassica napus) lines under salt stress. Annuals of Applied Biology. 142: 307-316

16- Raza, S. H., R. Athar, and M. Ashraf. 2006. Influence of exogenously applied glycinbetaine on the photosynthetic capacity of two differently adapted wheat cultivars under salt stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 38(2): 241-251.

17- Singh, A.K., and R.S. Dobey. 1995. Changes in chlorophyll a and b content and activities of photosystems I , II in rice seedling induced by NaCl. Photosynthetica. 31: 489-499.

18- Sultana, N., T. Lkeda, and R. Ltoh. 1999. Effect of NaCl salinity on photosynthesis and dry matter. Experimental Botany. 42: 211-220.

19- Zelatev, Z.S., and I.T. Yordanov. 2004. Effects of soil drought on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Bean plants. Bulg. J. Plant Physiol. 30 (3-4): 3-18.