اثر مدیریت تغذیه‏ای بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت تأثیر سیستم‏های مختلف خاک‏ورزی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 19، دوره 11، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 39، فروردین 1398، صفحه 295-307   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i1.65869

نویسندگان

عصمت محمدی¹؛ حمید رضا اصغری^{* 1}؛ احمد غلامی¹؛ سرور خرم دل²

¹گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

²گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر سیستم‏های مختلف خاک‏ورزی و مدیریت تغذیه‏ای بر گیاه ذرت سینگل کراس 704 (Zea mays L.)، آزمایشی به صورت کرت‏های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‏های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود در سال 95-1394 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سیستم‏های خاک‏ورزی در دو سطح (مرسوم و کم‏خاک‏ورزی) به عنوان عامل اصلی و مدیریت تغذیه‏ای در هفت سطح شامل (شاهد، کود شیمیایی، کود دامی، بیوچار، کود شیمیایی + دامی، کود شیمیایی + بیوچار و کود دامی + بیوچار) به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که مدیریت تغذیه‏ای اثر معنی‏داری بر عناصر غذایی، پروتئین دانه، ویژگی‏های بلال، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت داشت.کمترین و بیشترین نیتروژن دانه، وزن بلال، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه به ترتیب مربوط به شاهد و کود شیمیایی بود. کود شیمیایی + دامی نیتروژن دانه، وزن بلال، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه را به ترتیب 89/13، 19/56،04/47 و 41/60 درصد نسبت به شاهد افزایش داد. همچنین کود شیمیایی + بیوچاربه ترتیب باعث افزایش 81/14، 78/52، 69/42 و 32/56 درصدی نیتروژن دانه، وزن بلال، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه نسبت به شاهد شد. کود شیمیایی + دامی و کود شیمیایی + بیوچار با کود شیمیایی تفاوت معنی‏داری را نشان ندادند. همچنین بین دو سطح خاک‏ورزی مرسوم و کم‏خاک‏ورزی اختلاف معنی‏داری در عناصر غذایی، پروتئین دانه، ویژگی‏های بلال، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک، عملکرد دانه و شاخص برداشت مشاهده نشد. بنابراین می‏توان به منظور جلوگیری از اثرات مخرب خاک‏ورزی مرسوم و آلایندگی خاک‏های اراضی زراعی به کود شیمیایی نیتروژن و حفظ کیفیت و سلامت خاک، استفاده از کم‏خاک‏ورزی به همراه کود شیمیایی + دامی و کود شیمیایی + بیوچار را توصیه نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

بیوچار؛ پروتئین دانه؛ خاکورزی مرسوم؛ عملکرد دانه؛ کم خاکورزی؛ کود دامی

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