بررسی پاسخ‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیک توده‌های بومی علف گندمی تاجدار (Agropyron cristatum L.) در شرایط تنش خشکی و شوری

علوم باغبانی

مقاله 2، دوره 33، شماره 3، آذر 1398، صفحه 363-375   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jhorts4.v33i3.61364

نویسندگان

محمد حسین شیخ محمدی¹؛ نعمت الله اعتمادی^{* 1}؛ علی نیکبخت¹؛ مصطفی عرب²؛ محمد مهدی مجیدی¹

¹دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان

²دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

خشکی و شوری از جمله تنش‌های غیرزنده مضر برای رشد چمن در طیف گسترده‌ای از جهان می‌باشند. هدف از اجرای این آزمایش، انتخاب توده‌های مقاوم به خشکی و شوری چمن جهت استفاده در برنامه مدیریت چمن در شرایط تنش خشکی و شوری بود. آزمایش به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عوامل آزمایش شامل سه تیمار آبیاری بود که به مدت 45 روز اعمال گردید: 1) گیاهان شاهد (بدون تنش)، 2) تنش خشکی (قطع آبیاری به مدت 45 روز) 3) تنش شوری (روزانه 100 میلی‌لیتر با شوری 9 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر). تیمارهای آبیاری به‌عنوان فاکتور اصلی در سه سطح (شاهد، تنش خشکی و تنش شوری) و توده‌های علف گندمی در شش سطح به‌عنوان کرت فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق نشان داد تنش خشکی و شوری باعث کاهش کیفیت در توده‌های علف گندمی تاجدار شدند و سطح کاهش کیفیت بین توده‌ها متفاوت بود. نتایج ما نشان داد، توده سبزوار تحت تنش خشکی و شوری به ترتیب، بالاترین ارتفاع (52/5 و 86/5 سانتی‌متر) و بیشترین محتوی کلروفیل (85/2 و 75/2 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن‌تر) را نشان می‌دهد. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از بررسی کربوهیدرات‌های محلول اندام هوایی، محتوی آب نسبی و میزان نشت الکترولیت نشان داد که در گیاهان تحت تنش خشکی توده‌های دماوند و سبزوار بیشترین مقدار کربوهیدرات‌های محلول (16/332 و 14/345 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن خشک)، بیشترین محتوی آب نسبی (18/59 و 18/62 درصد) و کمترین میزان نشت الکترولیت (16/48 و 14/59 درصد) را به خود اختصاص دادند. در شرایط تنش شوری، توده دماوند (15/322 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن خشک) بیشترین کربوهیدرات محلول، توده سبزوار (42/68 درصد) و اراک (14/65 درصد) بیشترین محتوی آب نسبی و توده سبزوار (17/54 درصد) کمترین میزان نشت الکترولیت را نشان دادند. مطابق نتایج این آزمایش رتبه‌بندی مقاومت به تنش خشکی به صورت سبزوار <دماوند<  اراک < ارومیه = تاکستان < هشتگرد و رتبه‌بندی مقاومت به شوری به‌صورت سبزوار <اراک< دماوند < هشتگرد = تاکستان< ارومیه می‌باشد. توده‌های سبزوار و دماوند مقاومت خوبی نسبت به خشکی، و توده‌های سبزوار و اراک مقاومت خوبی نسبت به تنش شوری در مقایسه با سایر توده‌های علف گندمی تاجدار از خود نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

واژه های کلیدی: خشکی؛ شوری؛ تنش؛ علف گندمی؛ چمن

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