تهیه نقشه پراکنش و گیاگان علف‌‌های‌هرز مزارع کلزا در شهرستان گرگان با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS)

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

مقاله 4، دوره 31، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 38، دی 1396، صفحه 605-616   

نوع مقاله: مقالات پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jpp.v31i4.57968

نویسندگان

سحر جنتی عطایی^{* 1}؛ همت اله پیردشتی²؛ حسین کاظمی³؛ معصومه یونس آبادی⁴

¹دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

²علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

³دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

⁴مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

به‌منظور شناسایی گیاگان و تهیه نقشه پراکنش علف‌های هرز مزارع کلزا در شهرستان گرگان، تعداد 58 مزرعه این شهرستان در سال 1394 انتخاب و گونه‌های علف‌های هرز، براساس الگوی W در این مزارع نمونه‌برداری و شناسایی شدند. با استفاده از روابط موجود، تراکم، فراوانی، یکنواختی و غالبیت هرگونه بدست آمد. در هر مزرعه طول و عرض جغرافیایی و ارتفاع از سطح دریای مکان مورد نمونه‌برداری توسط دستگاه GPS ثبت شد. اطلاعات بدست آمده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Arc GIS نسخه 3/9 پردازش و نقشه پراکنش کلیه علف‌های هرز مزارع کلزا تهیه شد. نتایج نشان داد که در مزارع کلزای شهرستان گرگان 35 گونه علف هرز وجود دارد که متعلق به 18 خانواده گیاهی می‌باشد. 1/17 درصد گونه‌ها متعلق به تیره گندمیان (Poaceae) و 4/11 درصد متعلق به تیره کاسنی (Asteraceae) و بقیه به 16 خانواده گیاهی دیگر تعلق داشتند. در مجموع 2/77 درصد گونه‌ها یک‌ساله، 8/22 درصد گونه‌ها چندساله، 80 درصد دولپه و 20 درصد تک‌لپه بودند. با توجه به شاخص غالبیت، مهم‌ترین رستنی‌های مزاحم در مزارع کلزای شهرستان گرگان به‌ترتیب اهمیت، شامل: علف خونی (Phalaris minor) با غالبیت نسبی 5/45 درصد، یونجه زرد (Melilotus officinalis) با غالبیت نسبی 4/29 درصد، شلمی (Rapistrum rugosum) با غالبیت نسبی 9/28 درصد و یولاف وحشی (Avena ludoviciana) با غالبیت نسبی 5/23 درصد بودند. شناخت علف‌های هرز مهم کلزا و نحوه پراکنش آن‌ها با استفاده از رهیافت‌های جدید، امری مهم در پیشبرد راه‌کارهای مدیریتی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی؛ شاخص غالبیت؛ فراوانی؛ نقشه پراکنش؛ یکنواختی

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