بررسی اثر متقابل روغن سویا و علوفه یونجه در جیره استارتر گوساله‌های شیرخوار هلشتاین بر عملکرد، فراسنجه‌های رشد، تخمیر شکمبه‌ای و متابولیت‌های خونی

پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران

مقاله 1، دوره 13، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 47، مهر 1400، صفحه 321-334   

نوع مقاله: علمی پژوهشی - تغذیه نشخوارکنندگان

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/ijasr.v13i3.86191

نویسندگان

اباذر کریمی¹؛ یونس علی علی جو^{* 2}؛ مهدی کاظمی بن چناری³؛ مهدی میرزایی³؛ حسن صدری⁴

¹گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

²گروه علوم دامی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

³گروه علوم دامی،دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران.

⁴بخش علوم بالینی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

جهت بررسی اثرات افزودن روغن سویا در جیره­های استارتر بدون علوفه و حاوی علوفه بر عملکرد، صفات رشد، تخمیر شکمبه­ای و متابولیت­های خونی تعداد 40 رأس گوساله­ شیرخوار هلشتاین با میانگین سنی 3 روز و میانگین وزنی 2/2±39 کیلوگرم در یک آزمایش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار و 10 تکرار مورد استفاده قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: 1) خوراک آغازین بدون یونجه و روغن سویا (شاهد)؛ (2) خوراک آغازین حاوی 15 درصد یونجه؛ (3) خوراک آغازین حاوی 3 درصد روغن سویا؛ (4) خوراک آغازین حاوی 3 درصد روغن سویا و 15 درصد یونجه. مدت آزمایش 63 روز بود. خوراک آغازین مصرفی روزانه اندازه­گیری شد. وزن کشی گوساله­ها، فاکتورهای رشد، فراسنجه­های خونی، تعیین pH و فراسنجه­های شکمبه انجام شد. با افزودن روغن سویا و یونجه در جیره گوساله‌ها خوراک آغازین مصرفی کاهش پیدا کرد و کم­ترین وزن از شیرگیری مربوط به این تیمار بود و همچنین ارتفاع جدوگاه و هیپ در این تیمار کاهش یافت. مصرف روغن سویا و یونجه سبب کاهش کل اسیدهای چرب فرار شکمبه­ای شد (به ترتیب برابر 1/93، 9/89، 4/90 و 2/78 میلی مول در لیتر برای تیمارهای 1 تا 4 بود). استفاده از یونجه سبب کاهش غلظت پروپیونات و بوتیرات در شکمبه شده ولی سطح استات را افزایش داد. اثر متقابل یونجه و روغن سویا غلظت گلوکز، پروتئین­کل سرم را کاهش و غلظت کلسترول سرم خون را افزایش داد. استفاده از یونجه سبب افزایش غلظت اوره خون و کاهش غلظت بتاهیدروکسی بوتیرات شد. با توجه به نتایج این آزمایش، استفاده از روغن سویا به همراه یونجه به دلیل کاهش عملکرد رشد، تاثیر منفی بر تخمیر شکمبه‌ای و فراسنجه‌های خونی توصیه نمی­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

تخمیر شکمبه‌ای؛ روغن سویا؛ سطح علوفه؛ گوساله‌های شیرخوار

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