The Survey Effects of Garlic Extract Sirinol® and Chemical Acaricide Spirodiclofen Envidor® on Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under Laboratory and Field Conditions

پژوهش های حفاظت گیاهان ایران

Article 3, Volume 32, Issue 2 - Serial Number 40, June 2018, Pages 205-213   

Document Type: Research Article

DOI: 10.22067/jpp.v32i2.63951

Authors

Behnam Amiri-Besheli^* ; Mahdi Kabiri Raeis Abad

Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural University

Abstract

Introduction: The two-spotted spider mite is a cosmopolitan species that exist in wide areas of the world and fed from different varieties of plants. The control of this pest was done by chemical pesticides and acaricides. Due to the high cost of chemical compound and problems such as durability and environmental pollution, alternative control means are necessary. Plants may provide potential alternatives to currently used insect control agents. Plant materials have several advantages over traditional pest control agents; such as specificity, biodegradability and low mammalian toxicity. Sirinol is a natural compound based on garlic extract. Spirodiclofen with a trade name of Envidor® is a broad spectrum acaricide acting via lipid biosynthesis inhibition (LBI) with no cross-resistance to currently available acaricides and with additional insecticidal properties. Envidor is positive IPM listed but in the frame of resistance, management limited to one application per season. In pear growing Envidor constitutes an important tool in pear sucker control in a tandem strategy with abamectin. In this research, the effect of this compound was investigated on the egg and adult of T. uricae under laboratory and field condition.
Materials and Methods
Rearing of T. urticae: An initial mite colony was collected from infected fields in Sari and was transferred to the laboratory in Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resource University, plant protection department. The adult mites were released on the bean leaves (3 weeks after leaves germination) and removed 24 h after treatment. Infected plants to mite eggs were placed in a growth incubator at 25±2˚C, 65±5% RH and 16:8 photoperiods. 12 days after treatment and emerging of adults, they were used for the bioassay.
Bioassay: First of all, primary experiments were performed to determine the minimum and maximum concentrations. Then, seven concentrations and also control were considered. The concentrations used for sirinol were 250, 381, 593, 922, 1434, 2230 and 3500 ppm and for spirodiclofen were100, 134, 180, 242, 326, 438 and 600 ppm. The original bean leaf discs (30 mm diameter) were cut and 15 adults of T. urticae were released on each leaf. Then, 500 microliters of each concentration was sprayed on the leaves using spray potter tower and the leaves were put on the petri plates containing moist cotton. The treatments were placed in a growth incubator at 25±2˚C, 65±5% RH and 16:8 photoperiods. The number of dead mites was counted at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-treatment. To evaluate the effect of three concentrations 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm of sirinol and 300, 600 and 1200 ppm of spirodiclofen an experiment with seven treatment and four replications was conducted in a randomized complete design under field condition. The numbers of T. urticae and P. persimilis (egg and adult) on leaf samples were counted one day before treatment and 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment.
Statistical analyses: The mortality results were analyzed statistically using SPSS data processing software. Significant differences among the groups were determined using the unpaired Duncan-test. A value of P

Keywords

Bioassay; Sirinol; Spirodiclofen; two-spotted spider mite

References

1- Ahmadi M., and Amiri-Besheli B. 2015. Comparison of the toxicity of three botanical extracts on the second nymph of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) under nursery and laboratory conditions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 33:88-92.

2- Ahmadi M., Amiri-Besheli B., and Hoseini S.Z. 2012. Evaluating the effect of some botanical insecticides on the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). African Journal of Biotechnology, 11:11620-11624.

3- Attia S., Grissa K.L., Lognay G., Bitume E., Hance T., and Mailleux A.C. 2013. A review of the major biological approaches to control the worldwide pest Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with special reference to natural pesticides. Journal of Pest Science, 86:361- 386.

4- Auger P., Guichou S., and Kreiter S. 2003. Variations in acaricidal effect of wettable sulfur on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): effect of temperature, humidity and life stage. Pest Management Science, 59:559-565.

5- Ay R., and Yorulmaz, S. 2010. Inheritance and detoxification enzyme levels in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) strain selected with chlorpyrifos. Journal of Pest Science, 83:85–93.

6- Beers E.H., Riedl H., and Dunley J.E. 1998. Resistance to abamectin and reversion to susceptibility to fenbutatinoxide in spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) populations in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91:352-360.

7- Bernardi D., Botton M., Silva da Cunha U., Bernardi O., Malausa T., Silveira Garcia M., and Edson Nava D. 2012. Effects of azadirachtin on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and its compatibility with predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on strawberry. Pest Management Science, 69: 75-80.

8- Bostanian N.J., Vincent C., Hareman J.M., and Larocque N. 2004. Toxicity of indoxicarbe to two species of predacious mites and predacious mired. Pest Management Science, 60(5):483-486.

9- Cashion G.J., Bixler H., and Price J.F. 1994. Nursery IPM trials using predatory mites. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 107:220–222.

10- Danay-Tous A-H., Farazmand H., Oliaei-Torshiz A., and Sirjani M. 2014. Effect of red pepper and garlic extract on pistachio psylla nymph, Agonoscena pistaciae in field conditions. Bio Control in Plant Protection, 1:91-99.

11- Devine G.J., Barber M., and Denholm I. 2001. Incidence and inheritance of resistance to METI-acaricides in European strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest Management Science, 57:443-448.

12- Erdogan P., Yildrim A., and Sever B. 2012. Investigation on the effect of five different plant extract on the two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Arachnidae: Tetranychidae). Psyche: A Journal of Entomology (2012), Article ID 125284, 5 pages.

13- Finney D.J. 1971. Probit Analysis, 3rd Edition. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.

14- Ghaneh Jahromi M., Pourmirza A.A., and Safaralizadeh M.H. 2011. Repellent activity of Sirinol® (Garlic emulsion) on adults of Rhizopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) with two laboratory methods. South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology, 1:268-276.

15- Hardman J.M., Franklin J.L., Moreau D.L., and Bostanian N.J. 2003.An index for selective toxicity of miticides to phytophagous mites and their predators based on orchard trials. Pest Management Science, 59:1324- 1332.

16- Hassan S.A., Bigler F., Bogenschutz H., Boller E., Brun J., Calis J.N.M., Coremans-Pelseneer J., Duso C., Grove A., Heimbach U., Helyer N., Hokkanen H., Lewis G.B., Mansour F., Moreth L., Polgar L., Samsøe- Petersen L., Sauphanor B., Stäubli A., Sterk G., Vainio A., Vander Veire M., Viggiani G., and Vogt H. 1994. Results of the sixth joint pesticide testing programme of the IOBC/WPRS-working group Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms. Entomophaga, 39:107–119.

17- Henderson C.F., and Tilton E.W. 1955. Tests with acaricides against the brown wheat mite. Journal of Economic Entomology, 48:157–161.

18- Kabiri Raeis Abad M. 2012.The effect of three botanical insecticides Palizin, Sirinol and Tondexir on the common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae and their two natural enemies. Msc thesis. Sari agricultural Sceince and Natural Resources University. (In Persian).

19- Kheradmand K., Beynaghi S., Asgari S., and Sheykhi Garjan A. 2015. Toxicity and repellency effects of three plant essential oils against two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 17:1223-1232.

20- Kumral N.A., Cobanog˘lu S., and Yalcin C. 2010. Acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent activities of Datura stramonium L. against adult Tetranychus urticae (Koch). Journal of Pest Science, 83:173–180.

21- Martinez-Villar E., Saenz-De-Cabezon F., Moreno-Grijalba F., Marco V., and Perez-Moreno I. 2005. Effects of azadirachtin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 35:215–222.

22- Rauch N., and Nauen R. 2002. Spirodiclofen resistance risk assessment in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): a biochemical approach. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 74:91-101.

23- Osakabe M.H. 2002. Which predatory mite can control both a dominant mites pest, Tetrtranychus urticae and latent mite pest, Eotetranychus asiaticus on strawberry? Experimental and Applied Acarology, 26:219-230.

24- Osborne L.S., and Petitt F.L. 1985. Insecticidal soap and the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae), used in management of the two spotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse grown foliage plants. Journal of Economic Entomology, 78:687-691.

25- Prischman D.A., Croft B.A., and Luh H.K. 2001. Biological pri control of spider mites on grape by Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Tetranychidae, Phytoseiidae): emphasis on regional aspects. Journal of Economic Entomology, 95:340- 347.

26- Raudonis L. 2006. Comparative toxicity of spirodiclofen and lambdacihalotrin to Tetranychus urticae, Tarsonemus pallidus and predatory mite Amblyseius andersoni in strawberry site under field conditions. Agronomy Research, 4:317-322.

27- Raudonis L., Surviliene E., and Valiuskaite, A. 2004. Toxicity of pesticides to predatory mite and insect in apple- tree site under field condition. Environmental Toxicology, 19: 291-295.

28- Raudonis L., Valiuškaitė A., and Survilienė E., 2005. Effects of spirodiclofen on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in strawberries. Scientific works of the Lithuanian Institute of Horticulture and Lithuanian University of Agriculture. Horticulture and Vegetable Growing, 24:43-53.

29- Robertson J.L., Russell R.M., Preisler H.K., and Savin N.E. 2007. Bioassays with Arthropods. Boca Raton, CRC Press.

30- Sato M.E., Miyata T., Da Silva M., Raga A., and De Souza Filho M.F. 2004. Selections for fenpyroximate resistance and susceptibility, and inheritance, cross resistance and stability of fenpyroximate resistance in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39:293-302.

31- Stavrinides M.C., and Hadjistylli M., 2009. Two-spotted spider mite in Cyprus: ineffective acaricides, causes and considerations. Journal of Pest Science, 82:123-128.

32- Stumpf N., and Nauen R. 2001. Cross-resistance, inheritance, and biochemistry of mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor-acaricide resistance in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94:1577-1583.

33- Stumpf N., Zebitz C.P.W., Kraus W., Moores G.D., and Nauen, R. 2001. Resistance to organophosphates and biochemical genotyping of Acetylcholinesterases in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 69:131–142.

34- Tao B., Yuan S.T., Wang J.Z., Shi L.Z., and Wei G.S. 2013. Effect of 240g/L spirodiclofen SC to control Panonychus ulmi Koch. In field. Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 17:54-81.

35- Van Leeuwen T., Van Pottelberge S., Nauen R., and Tirry L. 2007. Organophosphate insecticides and acaricides antagonize bifenazate toxicity through esterase inhibition in Tetranychus urticae. Pest Management Science, 63:1172–1177.

36- Van Pottelberge S., Khajehali J., Van Leeuwen T., and Tirry L. 2009. Effect of spirodiclofen on reproduction in a susceptible and resistant strain of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 47:301-309.

37- Waite G.K. 2002. Advances in the management of spider mites in field-grown strawberries in Australia. Acta Horticulturae, 567:679-682.

38- Walsh D.B., Zalom F.G., Welch N.C., Pickel C., and Shaw D.V. 1997. Pretransplant cold storage of strawberries: effects on plant vigor, yield and spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) abundance. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90:818-823.

39- Yu H.M., Zhao M.Z., and Cai W.J. 2012. Field evaluation of strawberry cultivar “Ningyu” resistance to the two-spotted spider mite. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 40:162-163.