روند تغییرات کربن آلی و عناصر غذایی خاک و عملکرد نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum L.) در تناوب‌های زراعی

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 4، دوره 11، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 42، دی 1398، صفحه 1241-1259   

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v11i4.74186

نویسندگان

فروتن بهادری بیرگانی^{* 1}؛ جهانفر دانشیان²؛ سید علیرضا ولدآبادی¹؛ سعید سیف زاده¹؛ اسماعیل حدیدی ماسوله¹

¹دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تاکستان، ایران

²موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی روند تغییرات میزان کربن و ماده آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در خاک و عملکرد نیشکر (Saccharum officinarum L.) در شرایط تناوب‌های زراعی مختلف، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار به‌مدت سه سال متوالی در مزرعه تحقیقاتی کشت‌وصنعت نیشکر امیرکبیر اهواز طی سال‌های 95-1393 اجرا شد. ده تناوب رایج زراعی شامل 1) گندم- شبدر- نیشکر، 2) کلزا- شبدر– نیشکر، 3) جو- شبدر- نیشکر، 4) سورگوم- شبدر- نیشکر، 5) شبدر- ماش- نیشکر، 6) شبدر- شبدر- نیشکر، 7) شبدر- شبدر چین سوم- نیشکر، 8) شبدر- سویا- نیشکر، 9) شبدر- ذرت- نیشکر و 10) شاهد- شاهد- نیشکر به‌عنوان تیمار مدنظر قرار گرفتند. نیتروژن خاک، فسفر قابل جذب، پتاسیم قابل جذب و کربن آلی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد اگرچه روند تغییرات فسفر در سه سال اجرای آزمایش در هر دو عمق خاک تفاوت معنی‌داری نداشت، امّا میزان پتاسیم و کربن آلی خاک در سال سوم آزمایش کاهش یافت. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که میزان فسفر، نیتروژن و کربن آلی در هر دو عمق خاک 30-0 سانتی‌متر در تناوب‌های زراعی تفاوت معنی‌داری با هم داشتند. هم‌چنین پتاسیم در عمق صفر تا 30 سانتی‌متر و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن در عمق30 تا 60 سانتی‌متر در تناوب زراعی متفاوت بود. بیش‌ترین میزان باقی‌مانده نیتروژن، فسفر و نسبت کربن به نیتروژن به‌ترتیب در تناوب‌های زراعی شبدر- شبدر- نیشکر، آیش- آیش– نیشکر و سورگوم- شبدر – نیشکر به‌ترتیب با 124 و 121 تن در هکتار بوده است. بیش‌ترین عملکرد نیشکر مربوط به تناوب زراعی شبدر- ماش– نیشکر و کم‌ترین آن در تناوب آیش- آیش- نیشکر به‌دست آمد. به‌طور کلی، نتایج عملکرد نشان داد که انتخاب بقولات در تناوب با نیشکر، مقدار نیتروژن خاک و عملکرد نیشکر را افزایش می‌دهد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

فسفر؛ نیتروژن؛ شبدر؛ بقولات؛ ماده آلی

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