مطالعه دامنه وسیع تراکم بوته بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارقام کلزا (Brassica napus L.)

بوم شناسی کشاورزی

مقاله 1، دوره 12، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 43، خرداد 1399، صفحه 1-13  

نوع مقاله: علمی - پژوهشی

شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22067/jag.v12i1.40807

نویسندگان

علیرضا کوچکی ¹؛ مهدی عزیزی²؛ علی نوروزیان¹؛ سمانه نجیب نیا ¹

¹گروه اگروتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

²مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

به‌منظور تعیین بهترین تراکم بوته ارقام کلزا (Brassica napus L.)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد در سال زراعی 90- 1389 به‌اجرا در آمد. فاکتور‌ها شامل دو رقم کلزا (هایولا 401 و مودنا) و شش سطح تراکم بوته (40، 70، 100، 130، 160 و 190 بوته در مترمربع) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارها از نظر تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، تعدادخورجین در بوته، تعداد دانه در خورجین،، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد بیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت و درصد روغن اختلاف معنی‌‌داری وجود داشت. میانگین عملکرد دانه در رقم مودنا 5/13 درصد بیشتر از رقم هایولا بود. تعداد خورجین در بوته در رقم مودنا به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر از رقم هایولا بود. با افزایش تراکم از 40 تا 190 بوته در مترمربع تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته کاهش و ارتفاع بوته افزایش یافت. تراکم 70 بوته در مترمربع از نظر تعداد دانه در خورجین، عملکرد بیولوژیک، شاخص برداشت و درصد روغن نسبت به سایر تراکم‌های گیاهی برتری نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عملکرد دانه؛ رقم؛ روغن؛ عملکرد دانه؛ شاخص برداشت

مراجع

Ahmad Zadeh, M., 2007. Genetic diversity in the various layers of rapeseed using morphological traits. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Ali, M.H., Zaman, S.M.H., and Hossain, S.M.A., 1996. Variation in yield, oil and protein content of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) in relation to levels of nitrogen, sulphur and plant density. Indian Journalof Agronomy 41 (2): 290-295.

Aliari, H., Shirani rad, A., and Dehshiri, A., 2002. Canola Guide. Journal of Agricultural Education Publication. Tehran, Iran.

Amirmoradi, S., 1999. Effects of planting density on yield, yield components of winter canola cultivars, growth index. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Andersen, M.N., Heidmann, T., and Plavborg, F, 1996. The effects of drought and Nitrogen on light interception, growth and yield of winter oilseed rate. Soil and Plant Science 46(1): 55-67.

Azizi, M., Soltani, A., and khavari, S., 2004. Rapeseed (Physiology, Agronomy, Biological Technology). Mashhad University Press Jihad Daneshgahi, Mashhad, Iran. 232 pp. (In Persian)

Beheshti, A., Koocheki A., and Nassiri Mahallati, M., 2002. Effect of planting pattern on light absorption and conversion efficiency in three varieties of maize canopy. Seed and Plant Production Journal 18(4): 417-431 (In Persian with English Summary)

Chay, P., and Thurling, N., 1989. Variation in pod length in spring rape (Brassica napus L.) and its effect on seed yield and yield components. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cambridge 113: 139- 147.

Degenhart, D.F., and Kondra, Z.P., 1984. Relationships between seed yield and growth characters, yield components, seed quality of summer-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Euphytica 33(3): 885-889.

Diepenbrock, W., 2000. Yield analysis of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.): A review. Field Crops Research 67(1): 35-49.

Ganjali, A., Malekzadeh, S., and Bagheri, A., 2000. Review of plant density and arrangement of peas grown under irrigation in the region Neyshabur trend indicators. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 14(2): 535-536

Gholipour, A.S., Latifi, N., Glzany, K., Ghasemi, E., and Lyary Front, M., 2004. Comparative growth and yield of canola in Gorgan dryland conditions. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources 11(1) 14-28 (In Persian with English Summary)

Gusta, L., Johnson, E.N., Nesbitt, T., and Kirkland, K., 2004. Effect of seeding date on canola seed quality and seed vigour. Canadian Journa Plant Science 84: 463-471.

Hassan, K.H., and Hakeem, M.S.E., 1996. Response of some rapeseed cultivars to nitrogen rates and plant density under saline conditions at Siwa Oasis. Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo 41(1): 229-242.

Keating, B.A., and Carberry, P.S., 1993. Resource captures and use in intercropping solar radiation. Field Crops Research 34: 273-301.

Kemanian, A.R., Stockle, C.O., and Huggins, D.R., 2004. Variability of barley radiation use efficiency. Crop Science 44: 1662-1672.

Kiniry, J.R., Jones, C.A., and Sparel, D.A., 1989. Radiation use efficiency in biomass accumulation prior to grain filling for five grain crop species. Field Crops Research 20: 51-64

Kiniry, J.R., Simpson, C.E., Schuber, A.M.T., and Reed, J.D., 2005. Peanut leaf area index, light interception radiation use efficiency and harvest index at three sites in Texas. Field Crops Research 91: 297-306.

Leach, J.E., Stevenson, H.J., Rainbow A.J., and Mullen, L.A., 1999. Effects of high plant populations on the growth and yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science 132(2): 173-180.

Malhi, S., and Gill, K.S., 2004. Placement, rate and source of N, seed row spacing and seeding depth effects on canola production. Canadian Journal Plant Science 84: 719-729.

Mendham, N.J., Shipway, P.A., and Scot, R.K.T., 1981. The effects of delayed sowing and weather on growth, development and yield of winter oil-seed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Cambridge 96: 389-416.

Montieth, J., and Unsworth, M., 1990. Principles of environmental physics. Edward Arnold. London, UK. 291 pp.

Morgan, D.G., 1982. The regulation of yield components in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 33: 1266-1268.

Omidi, H., Tahmasbi Sarvestani, Z., Ghalavand, A., and Modares Sanavi, S.A.M., 2005. Assessment of tillage systems and row spacing on seed yield and oil content of rapeseed cultivars. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 7(2):97-111 (In Persian with English Summary)

Ozer, H., 2003. The effect of plant population densities on growth, yield and yield components of two spring rapeseed cultivars. Plant Soil Environment 49(9): 422-426.

Rao, M.S.S., Mendham, N.J., and Buzza, G.C., 1991. Effect of the apetalous flower character on radiation distribution in the crop canopy, yield and its components in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 117: 189-196.

Rietveld, M.R., 1987. A new method for estimating the regression coefficient in the formula relating solar radiation to sunshine. Agricultural Meteorology 19: 243-252.

Shirani Rad, H., and Ahmadi, M.R., 1996. Kashtv history of plant density on crop yield, growth and yield of two cultivars of winter rapeseed oil in Karaj. Congress on Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. P. 146. (In Persian)

Sidlauskas, G., and Bernotas, S., 2003. Some factors affecting seed yield of spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Agronomy Research 1(2): 229-243.

Toliat Abolhasani, M., 2005. Effect of planting density and arrangement on agronomic and quality characteristics of winter rapeseed in Mashhad. M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Agriculture, University Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian with English Summary)

Wells, R., 1991. Soybean growth response to plant density: Relationship among canopy photosynthesis, leaf area and light interception. Crop Science 31: 755- 761.

Zamani, G., and Koocheki, A., 2004. The arrangement and plant density on radiation absorption, seed yield and yield components of maize. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture 8(2): 30-44 (In Persian with English Summary)

Zavareh, M., and Imam, Y., 2000. Help identify stages in the life of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Iranian Journal of Crop Science 2(1): 14-26 (In Persian with English Summary)